18 KJELLMAN, THE ALG OF THE ARCTIC SEA. 
almost the same. Though certainly common at several places in the Arctic Sea, it is 
not known to grow anywhere in any considerable number. But it was found lying 
loose on the bottom in large masses richly overgrown with the otherwise scarce Anti- 
thamnion boreale, at Musselbay on the north coast of Spitzbergen. 
Monotony of the vegetation of the Arctic Sea. It will be clear already from 
the preceding pages, that the vegetation of at least the greater part of the Arctic Sea 
has a very monotonous character. Its main mass is distributed over the sublitoral zone; 
in the other zones it has almost completely vanished, or at least, on account of its poorness, 
is thrown almost altogether into the shade by that of the sublitoral zone. This sublitoral 
vegetation certainly varies in composition and aspect on different parts of the bottom, 
but partly there exist only few formations thus differentiated, partly one of these, the 
formation of the Laminariacee, occupies the largest space, and on this account as well 
as by its richness and luxuriancy eclipses all the others. Within that formation it is the 
large-sized Laminariacee that produce the general effect. By far the majority of the other 
elements are comparatively too small and insignificant and too few in number to come 
out more strongly. The Laminariacee belong certainly to pretty many species, but their 
types are so few and so little diversified as architectonical elements, that the character 
of this formation cannot exhibit any richer and more marked variety. The vegetation 
of the Arctic Sea lacks variety not only in form, but also in colour. The general tone 
is gloomy, the dark-brown colour of the Laminariacee is the prevailing one. The 
lighter brown shades are almost completely wanting. The red alge are only little 
apparent, and their red colour is most often of the darker and graver shades. The 
Chlorophyllophycew are almost altogether suppressed. Those numerous varieties of 
green, from the most vivid grass-green to the lightest whitish- or yellowish-green, which 
give such vividness and richness of colour to considerable portions of the vegetation 
of the Atlantic, are wanting in the Arctic Sea. 
This picture applies to the greatest part of the Arctic Sea. In the Norwegian 
Polar Sea the physiognomy of the vegetation is more diversified in form and colour, 
chiefly on account of its powerfully developed litoral division, composed of Fucacee, 
more prominent Floridex, and green alge. This is also the case, though in a less degree, 
with the vegetation on the west coast of Greenland, in the White Sea and in the most 
westerly part of the Murman Sea. 
The luxuriancy of the vegetation. No inconsiderable number of the alge of the 
Arctic Sea are developed to a very high degree of luxuriancy. Referring the reader 
for particulars to the special part of my work, I only enumerate here the following 
species: Lithothamnion soriferum, L. glaciale and L. polymorphum, Odonthalia dentata, 
Polysiphonia arctica, Delesseria sinuosa, Rhodymenia palmata, Hydrolapathum sanguineum, 
Sarcophyllis arctica, Halosaccion ramentaceum, Phyllophora interrupta, Kallymenia rosacea, 
Ptilota plumosa and Pt. pectinata, Rhodochorton Rothii, Porphyra laciniata, Diploderma 
amplissimum, several species of Fucus, Ilea fascia, Scytosiphon lomentarius, Desmarestia 
aculeata, Dichloria viridis, Phloeospora tortilis, Dictyosiphon corymbosus, Chetopteris plu- 
mosa, Sphacelaria arctica, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Diplonema percursum, Monostroma 
angicava, M. eylindraceum, M. fuscum and M. Blyttii, Spongomorpha spinescens and S. 
é 
