KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 20. wN:0 5. 7 
found within the formation of Laminariacew, and in somewhat greater number within 
the formation of Lithoderma, though it is even here rather scarce. It has been disco- 
vered in very large masses, lying loose on the bottom, at several places on the coast 
of Spitzbergen, and at one place in the eastern part of the Kara Sea, in Actinia Bay. 
In Spetsb. Thall. 1. p. 22 I have mentioned this fact as follows: »In general, it occurs 
rare along the whole western and northern coast of Spitzbergen, fastened to shells and 
smaller stones, at the depth of 5—15 fathoms. But in certain places it is found in 
large masses lying loose on. the bottom. At the southern side of Fairhaven a small 
glacier discharges itself, before which the bottom consists of clay. ‘The depth was here 
12—15 fathoms. Here this species occurred in such a quantity that in a little while 
several tuns of it were brought up with the dredges. Hundreds of the specimens taken 
here were examined; but in no one any holdfast could be observed. All showed 
the lower part of the frond in a state of dissolution. The upper parts, on the contrary, 
were completely fresh, and some individuals were even furnished with nemathecia. 
However, these specimens differed in colour and consistency from those which were 
found attached both at Fairhaven and elsewhere. The frond was thinner, faded, and 
had a strong greenish tint. J. G. AGArpu says about the same plant: »This species, 
of which only a few specimens had been found during the preceding expeditions, has 
been discovered during the last both in Green Harbour and in Liefdebay, occurring in 
the latter place in great quantity at 5—10 fathoms depth, together with Delesseria 
smuosa and Halymenia rosacea. Many of the specimens brought home seemed to be 
jn a state of decomposition with regard to their lower part, while the upper part was 
perfectly sound. Only some few were found with root, fastened to smaller stones. 
These circumstances probably indicate that the specimens had been lying loose, having 
been brought gradually to the locality where they were found gathered in so great a 
number, and that they continue to live here, their lower part rotting off, the upper 
part increasing continually by meens of new prolifications. Even other alga (Sargassum 
bacciferum) are known to possess the faculty of developing in an analogous manner for 
a long time».') The Halymenia (Kallymenia) rosacea seems also to be a species of this 
kind. For my own part, I have seen it in the Arctic Sea only in very little number and 
only a couple of times, and I have found only unattached specimens. During the expe- 
dition of 1868, judging from the great number of specimens brought home and the 
statements of J. G. AGArpn, it was found at Spitzbergen in most considerable quantities. 
J. G. AGarpu says: »It was brought up in large quantity from the depth of 5—10 
fathoms, together with other alew (Delesseria sinuosa, Conferva melagonium and Phyllo- 
phora interrupta). I cannot state positively that any single specimen of the many brought 
home was fastened to any other alga; they seemed to have lain loose on the bottom in 
the shape of somewhat flattened balls, or perhaps rather to have adhered originally to 
fragments of an older frond, perhaps of the last year, from the margin of which they had 
prolificated».*) The condition of another species, Desmarestia aculeata, seems to be 
1) J. G. AcGarpu, Spetsb. Alg. Till. p. 47. 
2) J. G. Acanpu, 1. cit. p. 46. 
K. Vet. Akad. Handl B, 20. N:o 5. 
9 
2) 
