KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 20. N:0 5. bd 
the Fucacee have much receded, are covered with a very motley vegetation. In 
general, the mixture of species is such that it can hardly be decided whether one 
or more species are predominant. However, it cannot be denied that there appears 
here and there a certain differentiation, Floridew occurring most numerous in some 
places, green alge in others, together with the Fucacew. At Finmarken, and, judging 
by the statements of Kien, also at Nordlanden at exposed parts of the coast, where the 
bottom of the litoral zone is formed of gradually sloping rocks, Floridew are often 
found in considerable number: Rhodomela lycopodioides, Polysiphonia urceolata, Rhody- 
menia pulmata, Halosaccion ramentaceum, Gigartina mamillosa, Cystoclonium purpura- 
scens and Porphyra laciniata. Here however several other alge, that do not belong to 
the Floridex, also grow abundant, as Chordaria jflagelliformis, Monostroma arcticum, 
Spongomorpha spinescens a. o. Such places of the litoral zone as are rich in tide-pools, 
are richly furnished with green alg, though in a very motley mixture, principally with 
Fucoidex, but also with Floridew. This holds good both of Finmarken and, according 
to Kirnn, of Nordlanden. He says‘): »The very greatest part of the species observed 
(at Nordlanden) are to be found between tide-marks, partly and principally in tide- 
pools, partly on rocks above low-water mark». The following species may be mentioned 
as characteristic of these parts of the litoral zone of Finmarken: Corallina officinalis, 
(to which are attached Myriotrichia jiliformis, Chantransia Daviesti and Ch. secundata), Litho- 
thamnion polymorphum, Hildbrandtia rosea, Chondrus crispus, Ceramium rubrum, Punctaria 
plantaginea, Llea fascia, Diciyosiphon foeniculaceus, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Monostroma 
Blyttii (with Ectocarpus confervoides and Myrionema strangulans), Spongomorpha arcta 
and Sp. lanosa, Cladophora glaucescens and Cl. gracilis (with Myrionema strangulans, 
small species of Ectocarpus and Pylaiella). Besides these, smaller species of Fucus are 
sometimes found, as F. distichus, F. linearis, F. jiliformis, F. miclonensis, these being 
then often predominant. In other cases Enteromorphe, Cladophoree, and Monostroma 
Blyttii hold the most prominent place on account of their superiority in numbers. 
Though the litoral vegetation of the Polar Sea on the coast af Norway cannot 
thus be said to be uniform, still it is not so far gone in differentiation but that it can be 
regarded as belonging to only one more sharply marked formation of alga — that of 
the Fucacee. 
In the other parts of the Arctic Sea, where the litoral Flora is more rich, espe- 
cially more rich in Fucacex, the uniformity is certainly greater and the differentiation 
still lesser than in the Norwegian Polar Sea. *) 
It has already been intimated above, that species which in the Norwegian 
Polar Sea are litoral or most nearly related to litoral species, occur commonly, in 
other parts of the Arctic Sea, within the sublitoral zone. This is the case for in- 
stance with Rhodymenia palmata, Rhodomela lycopodioides, generally in the form 
tenuissima, Halosaccion ramentaceum, Fucus evanescens, Monostroma Blyttii, Spongo- 
morpha arcta a. 0. These grow often scattered in small numbers, entering as ele- 
ments in the formation of Laminariacew; but it happens sometimes that they form 
1) Kuren, Nordl. Alg. p. 7. 
*) Cp. above p. 10—11 and CienKxowsky, Bericht. 
