12 KJELLMAN, THE ALGZ OF THE ARCTIC SEA. 
by Corallinacew. According to KirEn a species of Lithothamnion and Chorda filum are 
the commonest species in the inner sounds and in shallow water in the southern part 
of the Norwegian Polar Sea on the coast of Nordlanden'). Farther to the North, in 
Tromsé amt and at Finmarken, I have found extensive spaces of the lower sublitoral 
region covered with species of the genus Lithothamnion. Lithothamnion glaciale is abun- 
dant at several places on the coast of Spitzbergen; at the mouth of Musselbay it covered 
the bottom to the extent of 4—5 Engl. square miles, in the form of balls that had 
a diameter of 15—20 cm.*). Even on the west coast of Novaya Zemlya I have found 
a vegetation of Lithothamnion glaciale, rich in individuals, growing in regions af con- 
siderable extent. °) 
In the same manner a Corallinea, Lithophyllum arcticum, characterized the vegetation 
of a large tract at Uddebay in the Kara Sea*). That Corallinacee occur in large masses 
even at Baffin Bay on the west coast of Greenland, is proved by Rinx’s above-mentioned 
description of the marine life on this coast. It is comparatively few and generally small- 
sized species of alge, mostly Floridex, that thrive together with the Corallinaceew; but even 
if they appear in greater numbers, as is sometimes the case, still it is the Corallinacez 
that stamp the vegetation with its general character. The bush-shaped Lithothamnia 
occur in very great numbers. In such places the dredges are often brought up over-full. 
Although the litoral vegetation of alge in the Norwegian Polar Sea may be cha- 
racterized, as mentioned before, as a vegetation of Hucacew, it should be remarked, 
however, that it is not uniform in its composition along the whole reach of the coast. 
Partly the elements of which it is composed are not the same everywhere, partly the 
same species enter into it in a greater number at some places than at others, partly 
and principally the number of the Fucacez in proportion to other species varies essen- 
tially in different parts of the region in question. In the southern part of the Nor- 
wegian Polar Sea, besides species of the genera Fucus, Pelvetia and Ozothallia, Himan- 
thalia lorea also takes part in constituting the formation of Fucacee; in the northern 
part, on the coast of Finmarken, it is wanting; Fucus edentatus occurs at Nordlanden 
in lesser numbers than on the coast of Finmarken, where it is, in wide tracts, the most 
common of all the Fucacew. At certain places of the litoral region the vegetation is 
distinctly marked by Fucacew, at others these are so much inferior to other alge, that 
it may be questioned, whether such ranges should really be included within the for- 
mation of Fucacee. Nowhere, at least not over any larger space, the Fucacex are 
found quite unmixed. Several other species grow upon them or on the rocks and 
stones beside them, some of these even in large numbers, although they are never 
able to influence essentially the general aspect of the vegetation. Amongst these the 
following ought to be mentioned specially: Rhodomela lycopodioides, Polysiphonia fasti- 
giata, Rhodymenia palmata, Delesseria alata, Ptilota elegans, Elachista fucicola, Spongo- 
morpha arcta and Cladophora rupestris. Those portions of the litoral zone, where 
1) Kuren, Nordl. Alg. p. 9. 
2) Cp. Kseruman, Spetsb. Thall. 1. p. 4. 
3) Cp. Ksettman, Algenv. Murm. Meer. p. 66. 
4) Cp. KseLuman, Kariska hafv. Algv. p. 10—11. 
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