KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 20. N:0 5. 1] 
two or three, namely Delesserta sinuosa, of which some few, but quite fresh specimens 
were brought up during the Swedish expedition of 1872--1873 from the depth of 85 
fathoms north of Spitzbergen, Pilota pectinata found at the depth of 150 fathoms in 
Smeerenberg Bay on the north-western coast of Spitzbergen, and in 80—100 fathoms 
north of Spitzbergen. Even Dichloria viridis descends here to the same considerable 
depth. On the west coast of Novaya Zemlya the following species are known from the 
elitoral zone: Polysiphonia arctica, Delesseria sinuosa, Euthora cristata, and Dichloria 
viridis *). As I have mentioned before, Phyllophora interrupta and Polysiphonia arctica 
were met with during the Vega expedition at one place in the Kara Sea at the depth 
of 40 fathoms. According to Dickig, a rather considerable number of species were 
dredged at considerable depths in Baffin Bay during one of the English Franklin ex- 
peditions, viz. Polysiphonia nigrescens, 40—50 fathoms; Ptilota pectinata, 30—4\); Dictyota 
fasciola(?), 20—50; Agarum Turneri, 10—100; Laminaria saccharina (probably L. cu- 
neifolia), 50—100; Laminaria (Ilea) fascia, 40—50; Chordaria flayelliformis, 40—100; 
Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus, 50—70; Desmurestia aculeata, 80—100; Desmarestia (Dichloria) 
viridis, 50—100; Chetopteris plumosa, 25—30; Ectocorpus (Pylaiella) litoralis, 50—100; 
Ectocarpus Landsburgii (Pyloiella varia?), 50—100; Ectocarpus Durkeei?, T0—80; Con- 
ferva spec. Youngeana? i. e. Urospora penicilliformis, 25—30 fathoms”). The correctness 
of these statements seems for good reasons to be rather questionable. 
Above the upper margin of the litoral zone, there are here and there on the 
arctic coasts to be found lagoons, connected with the sea and possessing from this cause 
a salinity that makes it possible for marine algw to flourish in them. Their vegetation 
is sometimes very rich in individuals, but always highly monotonous, being composed 
of one, sometimes two or three, species of Chlorophyllophycee. 
The outlines of the composition of the Flora. Formations of alga. Three families 
may be said to dominate the vegetation of the Arctic Sea: Laminariacew, Fucacew and 
Corallinacee. They clothe the largest tracts of the bottom, appear in dense, numeri- 
cally strong masses, and attain a considerable degree of luxuriancy. In consequence 
of this the other elements of the vegetation are allowed to assert themselves but little 
in the total impression produced by the vegetation. The Laminariacexe make the mightiest 
effect. In the whole extent of the North Polar Sea, these algw are the most large- 
sized and occur in the greatest masses and on the widest tracts. In a strict sense, the 
Arctic Sea might be called the sea of the Laminariacew. The Fucacew mark the ve- 
getation of larger regions only in those parts of the Polar Sea which are not arctic or 
at least not purely arctic: on the western coast of Greenland, in the White Sea, in the 
most westerly portion of the Murman Sea and, above all, in the Norwegian Polar Sea. 
In the other parts of the Arctic Sea, where they cannot appropriate the litoral region 
to themselves, they are either wholly wanting, as is the case for inst. in the greatest 
part of the Kara and the Siberian Seas, or else occur in so little number and so 
seattered, that their importance as characteristic of the Flora, is none or next to 
none. Very extensive parts of the sublitoral zone of the Arctic Sea are occupied 
1) Cp. Ksetuman, Algenv. Murm. Meer. p. 67. 
*) Cp. Dickie, Alg. Sutherl. 1. p. 140—143. 
