124 KJELLMAN, THE ALGZ OF THE ARCTIC SEA. 
Polysiphonia arctica J. G. AG. Spetsb. Alg. Progr. p. 3; Bidr. p. 11. 
» » Dickie, Alg. Cumberl. p. 238. 
» »  HWaton, List. p. 44. 
» » GoBI, Ibs p: 26- 
» » KseLLM. Winteralgv. p. 64. Spetsb. Thall. 1, p. 9; Algenv. Murm. Meer. p. 
11; Kariska hafvets Algv: p. 19. 
» stricta ZELLER, Zweite d. Polarf. p. 85; fide spec. 
» urceolata Croatu, Fl. Disc. p. 459 saltem ex parte. 
» » Wirrr. in Heugl. Reise 3, p. 284; fide spec. 
Remark on the synonymy. It is probably impossible to decide at present what 
R. Brown meant by his Conferva nigra mentioned in Appendix V to Scoressy’s Voyage. 
I think it highly probable, however, that this is the P. arctica which is common on 
the coast of Spitzbergen and becomes very black in drying. Of P. stricta CRoALL some 
specimens — those with five siphons — belong probably to P. arctica, others, especially 
those from KEgedesminde, to P. urceolata. There are most probably no other species 
than these to choose between. Cp. Ksetim. Spetsb. Thall. 1, p. 9 and Gosi, Algenfl. 
weiss. Meer., p. 27. 
Habitat. It grows on exposed as well as sheltered coasts, fastened partly to other 
alge partly to stones, within the sublitoral zone, generally in the upper part of it in 
1—10 fathoms water, sometimes in its lower part together with several deep-water 
forms, or even in the uppermost part of the litoral zone. On the arctic coast of Norway 
I have met with it only in the lower part of the sublitoral zone at a depth of 10—20 
fathoms together with several other species common and widely spread in the Arctic 
Sea. Even in the White Sea it appears to occur most often in deeper water, at 10— 
12 fathoms, sometimes at a less depth 3—8 fathoms, but even then together with se- 
veral purely arctic forms, as Odonthalia dentata, Delesseria sinuosa, Ptilota pectinuta, and 
Phyllophora interrupta. It belongs chiefly to the formation of Laminariacew, and grows 
here scattered, never gregarious in greater masses. On the north coast of Spitzbergen 
it persists through the winter and develops during the whole dark and cold season, 
although slowly. Specimens with young vegetative organs in a state of development 
are however continually found. In April their development becomes more vigorous, 
it reaches its maximum of energy in the middle of May and continues during the sum- 
mer months. 
Although I have had the opportunity to examine a great many specimens of this 
alga at all seasons, I have but very rarely met with any furnished with organs of 
propagation. Only once, in the month of August 1872, I have found a specimen with 
young sporocarps, and in July of the same year another specimen with young forma- 
tions that were propably the beginning of antheridia. I found specimens with tetraspo- 
rangia on the 8:th and 2I:st of November, on the 19:th and 20:th of December 1872, 
and the 18:th of January 1873. That the species at Spitzbergen produces tetrasporangia 
also in summer, is proved by J. G. AGArpu describing these organs from specimens 
brought home from there by Vaur and by Toretx’s expedition who stayed on the coasts 
of Spitzbergen only during the summer. 
Se ee SE 
