250 JOHN FRASER. 
Pali. And so, taking the Pali as our Aryan touchstone, let us 
examine the similarity between the vocables of the Malay and the 
Samoan languages. Let us also bear in mind that the Pali and 
the other Prakrits of India are much older than the Malayan and 
Samoan—old enough to be the parents of both languages. 
1st Pronoun.—(1) sing.—a‘u, ta, ‘ita ; dual and plu.—ta-, ma-. 
(2) sing.—aku, ku; plu., kita, kami; (3) sing.—aham, me; ace., 
mam ; insir., maya. 
In these Samoan forms the break, ‘, represents the elision of a 
&, and this brings the Samoan so close to the Malay words that 
there naturally arises a suspicion of borrowing; but that is 
weakened by the fact that & (for ku, gu)* is a common suffix form 
for ‘I’ among the negroid tribes of the New Hebrides, where 
Malays have never been. In the same region, singular and plural 
forms of this first pronoun (detached) are n-agku, and hida, kito, 
and these also cannot be Malayan, although they seem like it. 
But when we look at the Pali pronoun, the similarity between 
the Samoan and the Malay can be accounted for. The Pali and 
Sanskrit aham, ‘I’ 1s for akam, the classical ego and the German 
ich prove this ; and, as in many other words, the termination -am 
in akam becomes wu in Malay and Polynesian ; thus, akam gives 
aku. The oblique cases of the Pali aham show where the ma, mt 
of the other languages have come from. The éa of the Samoan 
and the Malay belongs also to the Papuan peoples of Fiji, New 
Guinea, and the New Hebrides, who certainly did not borrow it 
from the Malays. It also appears in the old Persian ad-am, ‘I,’ 
where the ad- I take to be for ak, and by transposition éa. 
2nd Pronown.—(1) sing.—‘oe, ‘thou’; dual and plu.—‘ou-; (2) 
sing.—ang-kau, kau, di-kau, ka-mu, mu; (3) tvam, tuvam ; ace., 
tam, instr., taya, gen. and dat., tava. Here again the ‘oe and ‘ow 
of the Samoan resemble the kaw of the Malay, but their common 
* The Aneityumese suffix pronominal forms are k, m, n, for the first, 
second, and third persons; the Malay uses the same, for it has diri-ku, 
<I myself,’ diri-mu, ‘ thyself,’ diri-nia, ‘ himself.’ 
