ON THE LANGUAGES OF OCEANIA. 351 
source is the Pali tam, tav-, that is, tau. The mw of the Malay is 
Papuan as well; for the Aneityumese (New Hebrides) say etma-m, 
‘thy father,’ using -m (for mz) as a suffix. 
Srd Pronoun (demonstrative)—(1) na, nei, ia, le-nei; Maori, te, 
“the,’ Samoan, le, ‘ the’; (2) diya, iya, inya, itu, iang ; plw.—ini; 
{3) ena, na, idam, etam, ete ; oblique cases, tam, tena. 
Of these Pali forms, fena is used both in Maori and Albannic 
as a demonstrative, and na, nz are quite common in all the Mela- 
nesian region. The Maori also has ena, ana, tenet, Samoan, lenez, 
lena. In fact the Polynesian and Melanesian forms are in this 
instance much nearer to the Pali* than to the Malay. Again, the 
ena, and na of the Pali are for etad, tad of the Sanskrit (n for ¢ or 
d), and the Dravidians of the Dekkan have idz, ‘this,’ adi, ‘that.’ 
The Numerals.—These I will dismiss with a few words, as a 
special paper on them is to follow this. The Samoan for ‘one,’ 
‘two,’ ‘ three ’ is fast, lua, tolu. The Maori has ¢engi and ma-tengi 
for ‘three.’ The Malay numerals are suatu, satu, sa for ‘one,’ 
dia, ‘two,’ tiga, ‘three.’ The Pali are ekacco, eko, ‘one,’ ‘alone,’ 
sakim, ‘once’; duve, ‘two’; in compounds, dvi, di, du, ba, ‘three’ is 
ti, tayo; in compounds, te. The Polynesian tasi is for eka-st and 
ds thus nearer to the P4li than to the Malay; the Indonesian ‘one’ 
is sa or some form of it. The Polynesian lua, ‘two,’ is, of course, 
dua, the Aryan duo. The Malay tiga, ‘three,’ is the Pali t, and 
the Polynesian to-lu is the Pali ta-yo with a different sufix. The 
Maori tengz seems to be the Pali é, te; but how has that root got 
to New Zealand? But this question of the primary numerals 
and of the whole system of Polynesian numeration requires sepa- 
rate discussion. 
Of the common words, which I have already given as samples 
of the correspondence between the Samoan and the Malay tongues, 
* The demonstratives in Pali are :—ayam, ‘this,’ acc. imam; instr., 
-anena; gen. and dat., assa, imassa, neut., idam; plu., ime, gen. and dat., 
esam, imesam. Eso, esa, s0, sa, ‘ this,’ ‘ that,’ ‘he,’ acc., etam, tam, instr., . 
tena, plu., ete, plu. fem., ta. Idha, iha, ‘here,’ iti, ti, evam, ‘ thus,’ idani, 
‘now.’ 
