352 JOHN FRASER. 
one of the most striking is the Samoan fulu, ‘hair,’ which in 
Malay is bulu. The Malay word means the ‘hair’ of the human 
body or of beasts; the Samoan means a ‘hair,’ a ‘feather’; and, 
as fulu is a later form than bulu, we might say that the Samoan 
word comes from the Malay ; but that would be a hasty conclusion, 
for the Pali word is vdlo, the ‘hair’ of the head or of animals, 
and that again is the Sanskrit bala, ‘hair,’ which in Latin is pilus 
and capillus. The last of these words, so far as the etymology is 
concerned, should therefore be written cap-pilus. It is now clear 
that both bulw and fulu have an antecedent and common source, 
and that source is Aryan. 
This word fulu, ‘a hair,’ is sometimes quoted as the root of the 
Samoan numeral for ‘ten,’ on the plea that a hair may have been 
used as a tally! The Samoan ‘ten’ is se-fulu, in composition aga- 
fulu, almost everywhere in Oceania, from Java to Easter Island, 
it is either pulw or fulu in varying states; as sanga-fulu, anga-~ 
Julu, ngafulu, sa-pulu, se-fulu, pulu, fulu. From all this an 
argument is usually drawn that the Polynesians got their higher 
numeration from the Malays, who are a commercial people. But 
is it not possible that, if the Eastern, Polynesians did occupy 
Indonesia long ago, the Malays, when they came in, adopted the 
system of numerals they found there in preference to their own 
Mongolian numerals. Here again I am of opinion that both the 
Malays and the Polynesians got the numeral ‘ten’ from a common 
source. For, what is the earliest mode of numbering? By the 
fingers. Hence ‘five’ is expressed by ‘hand’ and ‘ten’ by ‘two 
hands,’ or ‘all,’ sc., the fingers. Thus the Aryan words de-cem, 
de-ka, da-cam, da-sa, das are to me equivalent to ‘two-hands,’ while 
our Oceanic word pulu I take to mean ‘all.’ Certainly the 
Hawaiian wmi, ‘ten,’ is the Samoan word wma, ‘all.’ The Malay 
for ‘whole, entire’ is bulah, and that is sufficiently like bwlu, ‘ten’; 
Efate and Nguna in the New Hebrides—a Melanesian region— 
say bura for ‘full, entire,’ and Duke of York Island—a Melanesian 
region—says bure, ‘plentiful,’ New Britain—a Melanesian region 
—says para, ‘all.’ Therefore this root word is Oceanic, not ex- 
