354 JOHN FRASER. : 
‘hot,’ for which Aneityum (Melanesian New Hebrides) has akas, 
‘hot,’ ‘to burn.’ The Malay for ‘hot,’ ‘to glow,’ is angat, but 
for ‘day’ is drt. Neither of these words can be the parent of the 
Samoan aso, ao, ‘day,’ but the Pali akdso, ‘the sky’ is near both 
to a‘asa and dso, and we know from the derivation of the Latin 
dies and sub dio that names for ‘sky,’ ‘day,’ are cognate to words 
: 2 Cah: ¢ ? 
for ‘bright,’ ‘shine,’ ‘ glow. 
In the sense of ‘cloud,’ the Samoan ao is near the Malay awan, 
‘a cloud,’ but still nearer to the Pali abbho, ‘a cloud.’ In the 
sense of ‘a chief’s head,’ ‘supreme,’ I take ao from the Pali kam 
‘head,’ ‘top,’ which may become kau, kao, just as ao, ‘ to collect,’ 
is from the Sanskrit root gam, ‘to gather together,’ which gives 
the Latin cwm, and many other Aryan words. The Malay for 
‘collect’ is kKum-pul in which the same root appears. 
Ao, ‘head’ is a word used only to chiefs; the common word for 
head in Samoan is ‘ulw, where the ‘‘ break” represents an initial 
k. This word seems to me to be a corruption for kapala, which 
is both Malay and Sanskrit for ‘head’; for kapala, that is kamala 
may become kawala, whence kulu, ‘ulu. In two dialects in New 
South Wales our natives say kabara and ka for ‘head.’ 
It would occupy too much of your time, if I were to examine 
all the instances in which I have found Pali words to be closely 
parallel to those in Samoan. But I wish to show you that many 
Malay words may be Indian in their origin, and thus may have 
come from the same original speech as tie Polynesian. I there- 
fore give a list of some correspondences between the (1) Malay 
and the (2) Pali; and let it be observed that most of the words in 
this list represent ideas which are essential to the existence of any 
language ; therefore the Malay forms indicate something more — 
than mere ‘borrowing’ from the Pali. 
Above—l. atas; 2. adhi. 
Act—l. karja ; 2. karoti. 
Again—1|. ka-mbali, pula ; 2. puna. ; 
Base—1. hina; 2. hino, ‘ poor, wretched’; ni-hino, ‘base.’ 
