ON THE LANGUAGES OF OCEANIA. 363 
Java sii, for sa-wyi, and Malay satu, for sa-watu, warn us as to 
the non-radicalness of a syllable coming after it, ¢.g., the wa in 
Santo ¢ewa, and the & (or kav) in Efati sik or tik, Malagasy saka. 
The Samoan éas? is more difficult, but, however it is to be explained, 
there can be no doubt that it includes the original Oceanic word 
for ‘one, *t,’ or ‘s. 
The Javanese loro or roro for ‘two,’ is areduplication ; appar- 
ently so also are papat and nanam (Malay anam). 
In the Mallicolo kén and koal, the & is not radical, being the 
well-known Oceanic prefix; te¢ in wontit corresponds to the numeral 
pitu, fitu, and the change of / to ¢, as ti/ in hhangatil, 10, corres- 
ponds to vulu, fulu by the same change. The hh is for s, hhanga 
for sanga, the well-known prefix to the word for ‘ten’ in Oceanie, 
as is the hh in khhhepi (for khsepi, k’sepi, k as in kon, koal); hhepr 
thus corresponds to Samoan wa, Malagasy savy, Tagala seyam, or 
stam. 
The above noted interchange between ¢ and f (or v) is only the 
modern apparition of a similar interchange of consonants known 
to the original mother tongue: for we find the correspondent of 
tit in Malay tuju, Malagasy (as given by Sir Joseph Banks) titow 
(titu); and the correspondent of the above él, 10, in the Mala- 
gasy (Banks) towrow (turu) (?), Mangaree (Gabelentz) turw (2). 
We cannot tell with certainty from the Oceanic dialects alone 
whether in the words for 7, and 10, the initial ¢ or the f (or v) is 
the original consonant. 
The Samoan sefulu, like Malay sapulwh is literally, ‘one-ten,’ ‘a 
ten,’ and sunuvulu, hhangatil are the same, with the syllable nu, 
nga sufiixed to the numeral ‘one’; or perhaps rather I should say 
it is the same sw or sa ‘one,’ ‘a,’ prefixed to nw or nga vulu, the nu 
(or nga) in that case being an article or demonstrative particle. 
Turning now to the Continent of Asia, we find that the Mahri 
numerals (now used in South Arabia by the descendants of the 
ancient Himyarites or Sabaeans, whose language was the principal 
dialect of Arabic before the triumph of Islamism carried the 
