56 T. W. E. DAVID. 



of South Australia, and the coastal areas of the great 

 Australian Bight for some distance inland as far west as 

 Cape Arid. Bpeirogenic uplift followed. This in east 

 Australia took the form of a gentle warp trending east and 

 west in Victoria, and through New South Wales and Queens- 

 land trending parallel with the coast and continental 

 shelf. A new continental shelf was formed across the old 

 gulf of the Permo-Carboniferous Basin in New South Wales. 

 This uplift in east Australia approximately compensated 

 for the downward warping of the great Cretaceous Basin. 

 It ranges from 3,000 feet or 4,000 feet in Queensland to 

 about the same amount in most parts of east New South 

 Wales and of Victoria, attaining its maximum at Mount 

 Kosciusko, 7,300 feet, at the knotting point between the 

 meridional and east and west trends of the great warp. 



In South Australia the Mount Lofty and Flinders pene- 

 plain was elevated from 2,000 to 3,000 feet above sea-level. 

 In West Australia the vast peneplains are raised from 1,000 

 to 2,000 feet above sea-level. The determination of the 

 marine fossils (Eocene ?) which overlie this peneplain at 

 Lake Cowan, is of prime importance for the elucidation of 

 the Oainozoic physiography of Australia. Basic volcanic 

 eruptions followed approximately the trend of the warp of 

 the eastern Main Divide. The outflow of basalt was 

 specially heavy in Victoria. The distribution of the alkaline 

 Oainozoic lavas also mark important trend lines in eastern 

 Australia. The photograph of the relief model, (Plate 1) 

 shows the trend of the three great volcanic piles of the 

 Canobolas, the Warrumbungles, and the Nandewar moun- 

 tains. This upward warping was accompanied by heavy 

 inbreaks and foundering of the crust. This is especially 

 marked all along the region of the great Barrier Reef with 

 its archipelago of 'horst' islands of granite, slate, lime- 

 stone, etc. Nearly the whole of the eastern watershed of 



