100 BUTTERFLIES OF BORNEO. 



cous line. Cilia on forewing cinereous, on hind-wing 

 yellowish-white. The hind- wing is dentate and sub- 

 caudate. Expanse 48 mm. Habitat : Kuching, Sarawak. 

 Type in the Sarawak Museum. 



Genus Melanitis. 



64. Melanitis ismene. Cram. 



Papilio ismene, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 26. figs a. b. 

 (1775). 



This common species ranges throughout India, Ceylon, 

 Burma, Andamans and Nicobars, Malay Peninsula, Sun- 

 da Is., Hainan, Formosa, Philippines, China and Japan. 



[Both the dry-season form ismene and the wet-season 

 form leda occur in Borneo, but irrespective of the season; 

 I have taken both forms on the same day in the middle 

 of the wet-monsoon and in the middle of the fine mon- 

 soon, in fact the two forms fly together. The form, 

 markings, and colouration of the imagines of these sea- 

 sonal varieties are dependent on the degrees of damp or 

 dryness to which the young stages (egg, larva and per- 

 haps pupa, are subjected, hence a spell of wet weather in 

 the fine monsoon — an event by no means unusual — 

 would produce a brood of wet-season forms and converse- 

 ly a spell of fine weather in the wet-season a brood of 

 dry -season forms. 31. ismene in its dry-season phase is 

 remarkably leaf-like, and the insect has the habit of set- 

 tling amongst fallen leaves and leaning, with both wings 

 closed, over to one side, so that its phyllomorphic ap- 

 pearance is very much increased]. 



65. Melanitis zitenius, Herbst. 



Papilio zitenius, Herbst, Natursyst. Schmett. viii, p. 5, 

 pi. 182, f. 1,2 (1796). 



This species has previously been recorded only from 

 the Indian region and the Malay Peninsula. The Sara- 

 wak Museum collection includes one female in the wet- 

 season phase. 



Jour. Straits Branch 



