THE PIGMIES. 101 



say, over a tract of country extending from 05° to 145° east longi- 

 tude and from 2° to 35° north latitude. 



A race that has spread over so vast a space could scarcely have 

 r etained everywhere its identity. Thus I have been constrained, 

 since 1872, to sub-divide it into two other branches — the Malay 

 or oriental branch, and the Mincopie or western branch. ( x ) So far, 

 however, I had only been considering the exterior characteristics ; 

 the study of skulls has more recently led us — M. Hamt and 

 myself — to define this division more distinctly, aud to adopt two 

 sub-races — the Papuan- Negritos, corresponding with the eastern 

 branch ; and the Negritos proper, representing the western sub- 

 race. ( 2 ) 



"Without entering into long details, it is easy to characterise 

 these two secondary types. The Papuan-Negrito has a skull more 

 elongated, from front to back, than his western brother, though 

 still differing in a marked degree from the actual dolicocephaly, which 

 is the mark of the Papuan. ( 3 ) 



The skin, moreover, is not so black ; the nose is more flattened 

 and the chin more receding; the loins, thighs and legs offer 

 a greater development. In short, both in feature and general 

 physique, the Papuan-Negrito is inferior to the Negrito pro- 

 per (*) 



It is not easy to determine the respective limits of the two sub- 

 races. Perhaps actual limits cannot be said to exist ; mingled 

 together, the two types may have produced a population of a 



Archipelago; and also in a paper Nouvelles Etudes sur la Distribution Geogra- 

 jjkique des Negritos et sur leur Identification avec les Pygmees Asiatiques de 

 Ctesias et de Pliiie, (Revue d 'Ethnographic, vol. I, p. 179). 

 (i) Etude sur les Ifincopies, p. 236. 



( 2 ) Oram. ia Eihnica. 



( 3 ) The horizontal index varies from 80.00 to 84.00 with the Negrito : 

 from 78.85 to 79.87 with the Papuan Negrito of New Guinea ; from 69.35 

 to 78.23 with the Papuans of the same island. This last figure, very high 

 and given by a woman's skull, might induce us to suspect the influence of 

 cross-breed. I have already dwelt on these craniological differences, and will 

 recall, moreover, that the Papuans are taller, stronger and more athletic than 

 the Negritos. (Journal des Savants, 1872, p. 626.) 



(t ) In order to establish this differential characteristic, I took, as terms 

 of comparison, on one side the Papuan Negrito, such as he was described by 

 Ceawfurd, a description considered by Earl as very accurate; and on the 

 other, the Mincopies of whom sve possess now numerous photographs. 



