GEOGRAPHY OF ACHIN. 12 1 



with innumerable creeks. In this way the whole Eastern part 

 of the North coast, as far as the promontory of Batoe Padir 

 presents itself as a broad flat range of coast land, while the 

 "Western part of the North coast bears the mountainous charac- 

 ter common to the whole West coast of Sumatra. 



In the chain of mountains lie the following as yet scarcely 

 known Volcanoes: — Not far from the North coast under 5° 26' 

 30" North Latitude and 95° 41' 30" East Longitude is situated 

 the Goenong Yah Moerah, otherwise called the Glawa, Lawa, 

 Salawa and known also as the Goud or Koniu^inneberg. This 

 mountain is 2,300 meters high and wooded to the top. More to 

 the East and extending in an easterly direction under 5° 10' 

 North Latitude lie the^ Samalanga mountains. In the South- 

 western province Alas, close to the Batta Districts, we find 

 the Goenong Batoe Gapit. Besides these volcanoes the follow- 

 ing mountains are named in the paper. Eastward of the 

 Gund or Koninginneberg or Goenong Pedir or Wees berg al- 

 ready mentioned, eastward also of Goenong Samalauga the 

 Goenong Poedadah or Oliphantsberg, the Goenong Bangallang 

 and the mountains South of Pasangau. South-east of these 

 mountains is the crater Bockit Tjoenda in the province Tjoen- 

 da, and in the province Gedong there is the Bockit Pasei, a 

 long level mountain-ridge without a single prominent peak, 

 which may be considered as a continuation of the Samalanga 

 mountains, a range which probably terminates in the Bockit 

 Tocmian. Further in the interior rise the Abong-abong and 

 in a South-easterly direction the Goenong Loese. Close to the 

 West coast at the port of Kloeang there are the Bockit Tem- 

 baga or Koperheuvel, the Boekit Koeali at Ranoe North of 

 Uigas Bay and South-west the Goenong Tampa t Toeau. 



Along a considerable part of the West coast the moun- 

 tains slope down to the shore, and in some cases rise from it 

 very abruptly and are interrupted by parallel coast rivers. 

 Only in those parts lying more to the South-east, between the 

 coast river Assahan and the place called Troemon, the moun- 

 tains recede, and then not more than \ to \\ miles from the 

 coast. 



These narrow ranges of shore covered with rich woods of 

 alders where the Settlements are situated; are very interesting 

 in comparison with the steep densely w r ooded mountains. 



