BUTTERFLIES OF BORNEO. 115 



female sex of a species, it is often difficult to state 

 whether that species should be referred to the sub- 

 genus Nora or not, the pattern on the underside of the 

 wings is perhaps as good a character as any other. 



179. Euthalia (Nora) ramada, Moore. 



Adolias ramada, Moore, Trans, Ent. Soc. London, 1859, 

 p. 69. pi. 4, fig. 5. 



Sub-sp. E. rami da surjas, Vollenh. 



There is no constant or essential difference between 

 E. surjas, Vollenh, and E. limbata, Fruhst. (Berl. Ent. 

 Zeitschr. XLIV. p. 140 1898). 1 have Herr. Fruhstor- 

 fer's authority for regarding E. limbata (i.e. E, surjas 

 as a sub-species of E. ramada. The typical form comes 

 from Malacca the sub-species seems to be confined to 

 Borneo. The female of this species has yet to be deter- 

 mined with certainty Dr. Butler considers A. M. K. H. 

 (7) vol. viii. p. 358 1901) that the female of E. indras, 

 Vollenh is undoubtedly the female of E. ramada, where- 

 as Herr. Fruhstorfer (I.e. p. 124 regards it as the female 

 of E. bipunctata, Vollenh. Either authority may be 

 right for the females of the species of Nora are most 

 remarkably similar, but any opinions as to the correct 

 pairing of the various species must be pure guess work 

 until the respective sexes are actually captured in coitfi. 

 For reasons stated below I do not consider it at present 

 advisable to sink the name E: indras, Vollenh. as a 

 synonym of any other species. 



180. Euthalia (Nora) laverna, Butl. 



Adolias laverna, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. p. 29. (1870) $ ; 

 Lep. Exot. p. 174, pi. 60, fig. 5 (1874) £ . 



Euthalia lavernalis, de Niceville, Journ. Bombay X. II. 

 Soc. 1893, p. 45. 



From Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. 



R. A, Soc, No. 45, 1905. 



