THE FORMATION OF WORDS. 25 
Tagalog : 
puti, white, puti-puti, semen, sperma ; 
I refrain from further illustrating the use of these redupli- 
cations by examples. as this would encroach too much upon the 
space at my disposal. 
2. Emphasis and repetition. The second meaning expres- 
sed by reduplication is emphasis and repetition. This is so 
common in almost all languages that it is not necessary to go 
into many details, especially as no radical change of meaning 
is effected by such reduplication. I select the following ex- 
amples : 
Tornls habis-habis, completely finished; 
r= he harap-harap, H hope fervently; 
TAs) dulat-Lulut (also in Tagalog) all, most sincere ; 
re lama-lama, for ever so long ; 
Tol lain-lain, (also in Tagalog) altogether different; 
Tori) endah-endah, very beautiful; 
Ta.t tambah-tumbah, to add repeatedly; 
Teo dua-dua, by two and twos, etc., etc. 
It may suffice to say here that this sort of reduplication is 
found in Tagalog, Batak, Malagasy and every other Malayan 
language. 
Reduplications, which are combined with secondary 
changes of form do not interest us here, where we are treat- 
ing merely of the reduplication of primitive words. 
With regard to partial reduplication, such as 
SM lelaki beside TS luti-taki, 
oe AG peparu beside T, 3 paru-paru, 
» R. A. Soc., No. 39, 1903. 
