THE FORMATION OF WORDS. 31 
me-itam, black : 
me-suan, dark; 
m-iad, alike (from iad, form); 
m-alus, soft, from halus; 
m-onsom, sour, from onsom, cf. Malay masam. 
I think that these lists of words will leave the reader 
satisfied that we have here in Malay a few forms of great anti- 
quity, which go back upon a time when the Malayan languages 
were not yet divided up into their present divisions, and it is only 
with the help of the cognate languages of the family that we 
can grammatically explain them. 
IV. ANCIENT VERBAL Forms. 
In the formation of verbs, where the modern Malay has 
effected the greatest change and simplification, we find never- 
theless numerous traces of antiquity, of which the Malay has 
almost or altogether forgotten the original connection. 
1. Let me first refer the reader to pairs of words like the 
following. 
= getar, to tremble, 1% gemetar, to tremble vehemently : 
F ck. to spur on, co oe gemertak, to frighten with wea- 
pons ; 
G2 rns to roll up, Ao gemuloug, rolled up and twisted ; 
as, gilung, to glisten, ALS gemilang, very glistening ; 
Be len, to g¢listen, Ss gemilap, very glistening ; 
ES gelatoh, to fremble, oS ; gemelatok, to tremble violently ; 
5S gelegut, to trembles SL gemelegut, to tremble violently ; 
3) turun, to descend, ¢)5& temurun, farther descent : 
ely trang, light, hs temarang, half -light, glooming ; 
R. A. Soe., No. 39, 1903. 
