206 SHORT NOTES. 
I take this opportunity of pointing out, as regards the date 
to which this Indian influence can be traced, the following few 
acts:— 
(1) In the 2nd century, Ptolemy gives Indian place names 
to several of the islands of the Archipelayo, notably Java, which 
he calls Iabadios i. e. Yava-dvipa ‘the island of Java” (or the 
island of millet,’ if that is what the name meant) as well as to 
certain ports on the coast of Indo-China and the Peninsula. 
(2) larly in the 5th century, Fa-Hian going from Ceylon 
to Java, finds in the latter island ‘‘ heretical Brahmans, but no 
Buddhism worth mentioning.” He was a Buddhist pilgrim 
himself and stayed five months in Java and after spending some 
years in India, so he may be supposed to know what he was 
talking about. 
(3) Late in the 7th century I. Tsing, another Chinese 
Buddhist, found Buddhism (of the Sanskrit-using variety) 
flourishing in South-eastern Sumatra. 
The inscriptions found in the Peninsula, though few in 
number and of little intrinsic interest, supply further links in this 
chain of evidence, and negative Mr. Hugh Clifford’s assertion 
(Encyclopedia Britannica supplement s. v. Malays) that the — 
traces of Hindu influence do not extend to the Peninsula. They 
are only fainter there than in Java and Sumatra, not absent 
altogether. 
Unquestionably Indian influence was by far the most 
potent of the forces which have led the Javanese and Malays to 
such civilization as they have attained. It has made a far deeper 
impression upon them than the Arab and European teaching by 
which it has been succeeded. 
C. O. Blagden. 
Jour. Straits Braneh 
