A JOURNEY ON FOOT TO THE PATANI FRONTIER, 37 
~~ Gunong Jambul Mrak is the water-parting between Patani and 
Perak. From it ‘the Patani river, the river Sah (which runs into 
the Patani river) and the Kalantan river are said to flow eastward, 
while the Perak river takes a westward course. 
But the Perak river has an important tributary, the “ Rui,” 
which runs into the main river many miles West of Gunong Jambul 
Mrak. The whole of the country watered by this stream was once 
Perak territory and the boundary with Patani was Lobang Gandang, 
a subterranean stream (a feeder of the Rui), which is said by the 
Malays to disappear under ground for several hundred yards. 
Nor are these the only defined boundaries. The inland boundary 
between the heads of the rivers was “ Padang Limau Nipis” (‘the 
plain of the Orange”), and here Perak Chiefs had a stockade 
within the present century. The ancient frontier may, therefore, 
‘be said to be a line drawn from Lobang Gandang to Padang 
Limau Nipis and thence to Gunong Jambul Mrak. The tin-mines 
of Intan and Endah were then within Perak territory. They were 
opened originally by a Perak Malay “ Pawane Szntne, ” son of the 
Chict of the northern district “Ton Latane.” The durian trees at 
~Dusun Kalik were planted by him. After his death, the mines 
were a constant source of discord between his cousin Ton Lampon 
(who had then become Sri Adika Raja) and the Patani Chiefs 
and a petty border warfare was the result. Sometimes: one party 
got possession of the mines and-sometimes the other. The same 
‘~sort.of thing went on in.the time of Tou Torsou, the next Sri 
“Adika Raja. Then came the war with Kedah (1817-8) and the 
“mines passed into Patani hands.° Since then the Patani Malays 
have practically owned the country down to Bukit Naksa and 
Berlah Bujuk at the head of Jeram Panjang (“long rapids”). 
The Perak Chiefs and ryots have had to acquiesce tacitly in this 
arrangement, but they have always, when possible, asserted their 
right to the ancient boundary, though ‘they have not been able 
- to enforce it. Many years have passed since the Intan and Endah 
mines paid a royalty to Perak and since their produce was taken 
on elephants to Lubok Goloh and sent down to the Perak river. 
But the claims of Perak are not forgotten by the men of the Ulu, 
~ and this boundary question was one of the -first points on which 
