TRANSLITERATION OF MALAY. ESE 
e nea ae a he 
ea Ta oe eee: 
es pa . Eee om 
us «ket A ei ket 
S kaf Ne fe ks 
dort oa i: ae oo hard: 
3 lam a AT 
e« mm ue eerip iil 
y nun de eect 
5 wau a PNY 
a, 5,2, ha a prt apied i 
Ss ya aes ew 
w nia ni, ny, nia, nya 
Some of the ieneetine ee represent sounds which do not 
belong to the native Malay language, but which are found only in 
words taken from Arabic. Uneducated Malays make little attempt 
to pronounce them, but every boy who learns to read the Kur‘an 
has to do so and the present tendency of the language is to borrow 
more and more from the Arabs. 
f is almost always turned by Malays into ap; e. g., pikir for 
jikir. 
k and k are generally pronounced alike by Malays and kh is 
not always distinguished from them. 
, _», Ve are all pronounced alike, as s, by the Malays. 
In the same way little or no distinction is made in pronuncia- 
tion between t andt. The letters denoted by d and z are generally 
mispronounced by Malays, who sometimes render them by / and 
sometimes, as do Muhammadans in Persia and India, by z. 
=) 
SPELLING OF ARABIC WORDS. 
Certain rules remain to be noticed which should be observed 
in transhiterating Arabic words in Malay literature. 
Al (el-) is assimilated before the solar letters, which are :— 
Su, 5; ons: > Ur Us UA &, L, Jand y. 
* 5 1s a gutturalk. This and the five preceding notes are 
taken from Faris-El-Shidiac’s Arabic Grammar. 
