272 BRITISH CONNECTION WITH MALAYA. 
Padang and the other Dutch Settlements in Sumatra were seized by 
a military expedition from Bencoolen. These acts fostered the 
enterprises Captain Lrenrand Captain James ScorT were carrying 
on when a Settlement on Pulau Pinang was first projected (1784-6). 
That political motives and objects were not wanting is clear 
from the Treaty with Kcédah, and the correspondence that preceded 
it, and particularly from the interest Warren Hastines took in its 
foundation. The Settlement was made in 1786 by friendly cession. 
In 1797-8 a second expedition against Manila was fitted out from 
Madras by Sir J. SHore, under the command of Colonel WELLESLEY. 
It was recalled before it left Penang; a full account of the island 
at that time, written by its Commander to his brother, who 
had become Governor-General, is to be found in “The Wellington 
Despatches”? (Supplementary Despatches, Vol. I., p. 25). 
The history of this latest of the three divisions into which 
the British connection with Malaya naturally falls, is, speaking ° 
generally, the history of enterprises in which the Government, 
actuated by political considerations, has taken the lead im pro- | 
moting British connection with these regions. There are certainly 
two recent exceptions to be made, in Borneo, of enterprises 
which bear something of the earlier private character, viz..—Mr. 
Brooxke’s actionin Sarawak(1840-2), and Mr. Drent’s more recent 
enterprise in Sabah (1880). But the general character of the period 
is seen in the two Manila expeditions—the successful one of 1762. 
and the abortive one of 1797; in the occupation, loss, recapture, 
and final surrender of Bélambangan (1775-1803) ; in the foundation 
of Penang (1785), after some years of negotiation both in Bengal 
and Kédah; in the cessions and retrocessions of Malacca (1795- 
1825) ; in the foundation and support of Singapore (L819) ; and in 
the protection (since withdrawn) afforded to Achin (1819), and 
the States of the Malay Peninsula, with which Treaties have, from 
time to time (1818-76), been entered into since that first one with 
Kédah. | 
There are three principal dates in this interval :—1805, 1827, 
and 1867. 
The first of these brings toa close the period in which no 
regular English administration had been organised; affairs were 
