284 



PROFESSOR D. J. CUNNINGHAM ON 



concerned, can best be appreciated by the following list of the specimens which 

 have come under my notice : — 



Gorilla . 



18 





Chimpanzee 



33 



10 young 

 23 adult 



Orang . 



46 



19 young 

 27 adult 



Gibbon . 



27 



(including 9 species) 



Semnopithecus . 



18 



( „ 5 „ ) 



Nasalis . 



4 





Colobus 



44 





Cercopitliecus . 



33 





Cercocebus 



20 





Macacus 



27 



(including 15 species 



Cynopithecus 



1 





Cynocephalus 



50 





Cebus . 



12 





The large collection of human crania, including somewhere about 1500 specimens, in 

 the Museum of the University of Edinburgh has more than sufficed for my purpose. 

 I do not pretend to have examined all of these skulls from this point of view. I have 

 chiefly directed my attention, for reasons that will be afterwards apparent, to the group 

 of Australian crania (130 in number), and of these I selected the Victoria and Queensland 

 specimens for special study. 



Degree of Projection of the Glabellar Part of the Frontal Bone. 



Schwalbe estimates the extent and degree of projection of the glabellar part of the 



eyebrow-region by measuring by the callipers the chords of the glabellar and cerebral 



curves or arcs of the frontal bone, and expressing the former as a percentage of the 



latter, thus : 



Gla bellar chord x 100 

 Cerebral chord 



When dealt with in this way, the Neanderthal cranium gives an index of 44*2, and the 

 Spy cranium No. 1 an index of 41*5. According to Schwalbe, the index in recent 

 man rarely reaches 30, and varies between the limits of 21*4 and 31 "8 (8, p. 29). 



A New South Wales Australian cranium (xxix. B. l) in the ethnological collection 

 of the University gives an index of 307, and another Australian skull from the Eiverina 

 district (xxix. B. 12), with a still more prominent glabellar region, yields an index of 34. 

 But I believe that even this index may be exceeded. Recently I received from Dr W. 

 Ramsay Smith, of Adelaide, the head of an aboriginal Australian named Boco, in which 

 there was an excessive development of the glabellar and supraorbital regions of the 

 forehead (2). It had been carefully preserved by formalin injection, and measured 

 over the soft parts the index reached the high figure of 52*3. Of course this cannot 



