286 PROFESSOR D. J. CUNNINGHAM ON 



But while the glabellar region in individual cases in recent man may assume pro- 

 portions quite as great as those which are seen within the Neanderthal group, I would 

 not have it supposed that I attach undue importance to the agreement in this respect. 

 Certain suggestive and significant points of difference will be brought out in the course 

 of this paper. To one of these we may refer at the present time. The depression above 

 the glabellar and supraorbital regions in the Neanderthal and Spy crania is much more 

 extensive than in the case of any recent skull or in the skulls of any other prehistoric 

 race. This constitutes a marked and highly important distinction, and one which brings 

 the Neanderthal type of cranium into closer relation with that of the chimpanzee and 

 the gorilla. Schwalbe fully recognises the significance of this character. The forward 

 expansion of the cerebral part of the frontal bone in response to the increased develop- 



Fig. 1. — This figure is reproduced from Schwalbe's article upon 

 "Das Schadelfragment von Briix, etc." (p. 109). It is an 

 outline representation of the supraorbital region of a mandrill 

 (Oynocephaliis mormon). 



a. Fossa supraglabellaris. c. Groove between b and 



b. A reus superciliaris. d. Arcus supraorbitals. 



ment of the brain in recent man has to a large extent obliterated this highly suggestive 

 cranial feature in the Neanderthal forehead. 



Form and Morphological Constitution of the Eyebrow Region. 



Schwalbe has given a large amount of attention to the form and morphological con- 

 stitution of the eyebrow region of the forehead in the Neanderthal race (6, 8, 10), and 

 although I cannot accept certain of the conclusions at which he has arrived, it should be 

 recognised that in this field of work he has broken new ground and has added greatly to 

 our knowledge of the evolution of this part of the skull. He holds that the supraorbital 

 region in the Neanderthal group is distinctive of that race, and that it differs in form 

 and mode of construction from the same region in any other race, either past or present. 

 He elaborates this point with much ability in several of his writings, and gives this 

 feature a leading place amongst the characters which are peculiar to the crania of that 

 primitive group. 



In briefly stating the views of Schwalbe, I shall follow the description which he gives 





