310 PROFESSOR D. J. CUNNINGHAM ON 



eyebrow characters in the Neanderthal cranium are to be accorded a specific value or 

 not. A question of this kind is decided on more or less conventional grounds, and must 

 be answered by each one for himself according to the interpretation which he puts upon 

 the word " specific." At the same time it must be admitted that if we examine the 

 basis on which zoological classification rests we shall find many cases in which species 

 are determined upon evidence more slender than that which Schwalbk brings forward 

 in favour of establishing the species of Homo primigenius for the reception of the 

 Neanderthal people. 



There cannot be a doubt that the formation of such a species would be convenient 

 in many ways ; but even allowing for the vague and indefinite understanding which exists 

 amongst biologists regarding the determination of what characters should be elevated 

 to the plane of specific importance and what characters should not, I can hardly bring 

 myself to believe that we would be justified in adopting this course from the characters 

 presented by the supraorbital region in the Neanderthal race. 



LITERATURE REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT. 



(1) Bianchi, "J seni frontali e le arcate sopraciliari studiate nei crani del delinquent!, degli alienati e dei 



normal!," Archivio per Vantrop. e /,'einologia, 1892. 



(2) Cunningham, D. J., " The Head of an Aboriginal Australian," Journ. Royal Anthrop. InstiL, vol. xxxvii. 



1907. 



(3) ,, The Australian Forehead : Anthropological Essays presented to Edward Burnett 



Tylor, in honour of his 75th birthday, 2nd October 1907, Oxfurd, 

 Clarendon Press. 



(4) Giufrida-Ruggeri, Dr V., " Nuove ricerche morfologiche e craniometriche," Atti della Societal Roman a 



di Antropologia, vol. viii., fasc. 1, 1901, p. 21. 



(5) Schwalbe, G., " Uber die Schadelformen der iiltesten Menschenrassen rait besonderer Beriicksichtigung 



des Schadels von Egisheim," Mitieil. d. philomath. Gesellschaft in Elsass- 

 Lothringen, v., 1897. 



(6) ,, " Studien liber Pithecanthropus erectus (Dubois)," Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und 



Anthropologic, Band i., 1899. 



(7) ,, " Uber die iiltesten Menschenrassen," Wiener Minische Wochenschrift, 1899, No. 1. 



(8) ,, " Der Neanderthalschiidel," Bonner Jahrhilcher, Heft 106, 1901. 



(9) „ " Zur Frage der Abstammung des Menschen," Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anthropo- 



logic, Mai 1906. 



(10) ,, " Das Schadelfragment von Briix und verwandte Schadelformen," Zeitschrift fur Morpho- 



logie und Anlhropologie, Mai 1906 (Sonderheft). 



(11) ,, "Das Schadelfragment von Canstatt," Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anlhropologie, 



Mai 1906 (Sonderheft). 



(12) Selenka, Dr Emil, Menschenaffen : Studien uber Eidwickelung and Schadelbau, zweite Lieferung, 11 



Kapitel : "Schadel des Gorilla und Schimpanse," 1899. 



(13) SOLLAS, W. I., "On the Cranial and Facial Characters of the Neanderthal Race," Phil. Trans., series B, 



vol. cxcix. (pp. 281-339). 



(14) Turner, Logan, The Accessory Sinuses of the Nose, Kdin., 1901. 



(15) Zuckkijkandi,, E., Normole und pathologische Anatomie der Nasenhuhle und Hirer pneumatischen 



Anhdnge, 1. Band, 2. Auflage, 1893. 



