398 



PRINCIPAL SIR W. TURNER ON 



of the vault, together with the long diameter from the perpendicular radius to the 

 frontal and occipital points, a numerical statement can be obtained for each skull of 

 the relative proportion of the crania] cavity occupied by the cerebrum proper, and a 

 comparison of its magnitude in the several skulls can be made. The series of six 

 male skulls ranged from 552 mm. in No. 5 to 667 mm. in No. 7. 



If the length of the radii from the basion to the inion, to the occipital point, lambda, 

 perpendicular point, and bregma, were conjoined with the parieto-squamous breadth and 

 with the long diameter from the occipital to the frontal points, a comparative estimate 

 of the internal capacity of the entire cranium in each skull could be formed. It is un- 

 necessary, however, to compute the cranial capacity in this way, as I have stated in 

 Table I., p. 367, the exact amount, as determined with shot, by the method which I 

 am in the habit of pursuing. It will be seen that No. 7, with the largest cranial 

 capacity, 1430 c.c, had also the highest measurement, 667 mm., for the cerebral portion 

 of the cavity, whilst No. 5, with an internal capacity 1140 c.c, and No. 10 with 

 1100 c.c, had space for the cerebrum indicated by 552 and 573 mm. respectively. 



In recent memoirs by Professors Cunningham, Schwalbe, and Klaatsch, the curva- 

 ture of the arc of the frontal bone in the Neanderthal and other prehistoric skulls has been 

 compared with the same region in the crania of savage and civilised men. The method 

 employed has been to draw a chord from the bregma either to the nasion or to the 

 glabella, and to erect a perpendicular line from this chord to the most prominent part of 

 the frontal arc, the degree of curvature of which influences the length of the line. Some 

 time ago I adopted the method of Cunningham, and in Part III. of my contributions to 

 Indian Craniology, and in my account of crania from Borneo and other parts of Malaya, 

 I measured the chord from the nasion to the bregma, and took the length of a per- 

 pendicular line from it to the most projecting part of the frontal arc In this memoir 

 I have continued this practice, and have taken, in addition, the chord of the arc of the 

 parietal bone from bregma to lambda, and that of the occipital from lambda to inion.* 

 In each case I have erected a perpendicular to the most prominent part of the arch of 

 each bone. The results of the measurements of six male Tasmanians are given in 

 Table IV. 



Table IV. 





Monro. 











Jameson. 





No. 1. 



No. 2. 



No. 5. 



No. 6. 



No. 7. 



No. 10. 



Nasio-bregniatic chord of frontal, hr.n., 



109 mm. 



105 mm. 



Ill mm. 



107 mm. 



115 mm. 



105 mm. 



Perpendicular therefrom to outer sur- 















face of bone, .... 



23 „ 



20 „ 



27 „ 



25 „ 



25 „ 



24 „ 



Bregma-lambdal chord of parietal, br.L, 



112 „ 



121 „ 



112 „ 



no „ 



121 „ 



106 „ 



Perpendicular therefrom to outer sur- 















face of bone, .... 



26 „ 



26 „ 



22 „ 



25 „ 



25 „ 



21 „ 



Lambda-inial chord of occipital, Lin,., 



62 „ 



60 „ 



46 „ 



51 „ 



66 „ 



51 „ 



Perpendicular therefrom to outer sur- 















face of bone, .... 



10 „ 



9 „ 



3 „ 



4 „ 



10 „ 



7 „ 



* In my " Challenger" Report 1884 the chords of the frontal, parietal and occipital arcs of several skulls are given 

 in table xix. The mean of three Australian skulls was ; frontal chord 112-6, parietal 118-3, occipital 92-3. 



