198 MR ROBERT B. THOMSON: SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION: 



Tarsal Bones. 



The astragalus was the largest of the tarsal bones. It consisted of a body and two 

 large processes. The posterior process projected backwards beyond the hinder end of 

 os calcis, and presented a well-marked groove on its under aspect. Its anterior process 

 or head passed as far forward as did the os calcis, and articulated with the scaphoid, 

 cuboid, and fore-part of os calcis. The superior surface of the body presented a quadri- 

 lateral convex surface for articulation with the lower end of tibia, continuous externally 

 with a triangular facet for fibula. Its internal surface did not articulate with the 

 internal malleolus. The inferior surface articulated with os calcis and presented a deep 

 groove for an interosseous ligament. 



The os calcis possessed an attenuated posterior or peroneal process, and a feeble 

 internal or sustentacular one. It articulated with the astragalus and fibula above, with 

 the cuboid in front, and was grooved on its outer aspect by the peroneal tendons. 



The cuboid presented on its inferior aspect a well-marked plantar tubercle and a 

 deep peroneal groove. It articulated with the os calcis, astragalus, scaphoid, external 

 cuneiform, and 4th and 5th metatarsal bones. 



The scaphoid articulated with the astragalus, cuboid, and the three cuneiforms. Its 

 posterior surface was not entirely concave, being convex in its outer part. 



The internal cuneiform articulated with the scaphoid, middle cuneiform, and 1st and 

 2nd metatarsals. 



The middle cuneiform was the smallest of the three, and was completely shut out of 

 the plantar aspect of the foot. It articulated with the cuneiform on either side of it, 

 with scaphoid behind and 2nd metatarsal in front. 



The external cuneiform articulated with the scaphoid, cuboid, 2nd and 3rd 

 metatarsals. 



Metatarsal Bones. 



The 1st was the longest, the 5th next in order, then 4th, 2nd, and 3rd, which was 

 the shortest. 



None of the epiphyses were fused with the shafts. The base of the 2nd showed the 

 characteristic hook-shaped base. 



The articulations of their bases were as follows : — 



1st with internal cuneiform and 2nd metatarsal, 

 2nd with the three cuneiforms 1st and 3rd metatarsal, 

 3rd with external cuneiform 2nd and 4th ,, 

 4 th with cuboid 3rd and 5th ,, 



5th with cuboid 4th ,, 



while its base projected outwards as an elongated process. 



The terminal phalanges of both fore and hind limbs were retained in connection with 

 the skins. 



