416 PRINCIPAL SIR WM. TURNER ON 



The collective length of the molar and premolar series in the upper jaw was 46 mm., 

 in the lower jaw 49 mm. ; the length of the upper molar series was 32 mm., of the 

 lower molar series 35 mm. ; the width of the upper dentary arch opposite the 1st 

 molars was 60 mm., opposite the 2nd molars 62 mm. ; the corresponding diameters 

 opposite the 1st and 2nd lower molars were 54 and 60 mm. respectively. The lower 

 dentary arcade therefore fitted within the upper, and the crown of each lower molar 

 and premolar passed somewhat in front of the corresponding upper tooth, so that the 

 1st lower premolar came in contact with the upper canine. A comparison of the 

 antero-posterior and transverse diameters of the crowns of the upper molars and pre- 

 molars with those given in my previous memoir on the Tasmanians showed that they 

 closely corresponded in size. In this skull I computed a dental index, after the 

 manner of Flower, by dividing the collective length of the upper premolars and 

 molars by the basi-nasal length, and obtained the index 47 '9. In the previous series 

 these teeth were so frequently lost that the dental index could not be computed, but 

 Knowles and Fkeire-Marreco determined the index in the skulls in the Oxford 

 Museum, which ranged from 40*8 to 53*1 with a mean 45'2. These measurements, 

 therefore, confirm the statement of Flower * that the teeth of the Tasmanians arc 

 megadont. In a memoir on the dentary arcades in Australian aborigines, I gave 

 data t to enable a comparison to be made between the teeth of the megadont 

 Australian and the microdont European, and showed that in a number of Australians 

 the upper and lower incisors were in apposition by their cutting edges, so that the 

 lower did not fit within the upper when the mouth was closed. 



The cranial sutures were not ossified ; the denticles were generally simple, though 

 more complex in the sagittal and lambdoid. In the right pterion the sphenoido- 

 parietal articulation was only 6 mm. wide ; two epipteric bones were in the left ; two 

 small Wormians in the lambdoid; no third condyl ; jugal processes not tuberculated. 

 The ali-sphenoid was deeply concave on the outer surface of its temporal division ; at 

 the spheno- temporal suture it was elevated into a ridge, immediately in front of which 

 was a vertical groove ; J a similar but shorter ridge was also seen at the spheno-malar 

 suture. The tympanic plate was completely ossified, the external meatus was narrow, 

 the styloid was 7 mm. long. 



The supra-mastoid crest curved upwards to the squamous suture and expanded into 

 a tuberculum supra-mastoideum anterius (Waldeyer), behind which an indication of a 

 tuberculum supra-mastoideum post emus was seen. In the male skulls in Part I. the 

 crest and anterior tubercle were distinct, but the posterior was feeble or moderate in 

 size. The zygoma was not strongly arched outwards ; its upper border was sharp, the 

 lower was relatively broad ; the squamous end was smooth and concave on the inner 



* Journal <>f Anthropological Institute, November 1884, p. 184. 

 t Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, vol. xxv. p. 461, 1891. 



X A .similar groove was noted by Duckworth {J own. Anth. Inst., vol. xxxii. p. 177, 1902), and subsequently by 

 Klaatscii. 



