THE ABORIGINES OF TASMANIA. 417 



surface, the malar end was rough for the masseter ; the glenoid fossa was shallow, and 

 the eminentia articularis in the Brussels and the specimens previously described was 

 flattened. The pterygo-spinous plate and foramen were absent, though present in 

 No. 1 of the preceding series.* The foramen lacerum medium was moderate in calibre. 



From the maximum length 174 and breadth 131 mm. the cranium had the cephalic 

 index 75 "3; it was therefore in the lower term of the mesaticephalic group approxi- 

 mating to the dolichocephalic. In the analysis of sixty-nine skulls given in Part I. of 

 my memoir on Tasmanians, measured by previous observers and myself, the mean 

 index was 7 4 '7 on the confines between the mesaticephali and the dolichocephali. 

 The Brussels skull, therefore, in this respect closely corresponded to the mean 

 previously obtained.t The basi-bregmatic height was 123 mm., and the vertical or 

 length-height index was 707, therefore less than the cephalic index. In sixty-five 

 crania previously measured the mean vertical index was 71*1, also less than the 

 cephalic index. The breadth-height index was 93 "9. Both in this and the preceding 

 specimens the skull was moderately high in relation to the length, and the index was 

 metriocephalic. The cranio-facial index was 73, which closely corresponded to the 

 mean 72*1 of six skulls described by me in Part I. 



The cubic capacity, measured by the method I have employed for many years, was 

 1080 c.c, which is 20 c.c. less than the lowest capacity in the seven males recorded in 

 Part I., the mean of which was 1235 c.c. In the strongly platyrhine nasal index, 60'9, 

 it closely corresponded with the mean 59 '9 of seven skulls described in Part I. 

 The prognathous gnathic index 104*2 was comparable with two of these skulls, but 

 was higher than the mesognathic mean 100*6 of that series. The upper face was 

 moderately broad in relation to the height, and the maxillo-facial index, 47 '2, was 

 mesoprosopic like the mean 49 obtained in the same series. The nasal profile was 

 moderately projecting, and the nasio-malar index 109*4 was, as in them, mesopic. The 

 width of the orbital aperture was 5 mm. more than the height, and the index 86*1 was 

 mesoseme, which differed from the mean microseme index 78*2 of the preceding series. 

 The pala to-maxillary index 106*9 was dolichuranic, and the length was relatively 

 greater than the breadth compared with the mesuranic mean 113*4 of that series. 

 As I have elsewhere pointed out, the palato-maxillary measurements, and consequently 

 the index, are subject to a greater range of variation in the same race of people than is 

 the case with the other measurements from which indices are computed,! though in 

 the black races there are, without doubt, a much larger proportion of long dolichuranic 

 palates than in Europeans. 



The characteristic markings and the general aspect of the vault of the cranium in 

 the fronto- parietal region ; the fairly prominent glabella and superciliary ridges ; the de- 



* Klaatsch saw a pterygo-spinous foramen in the Tasmanian skull in the Sydney Museum. Many years ago I 

 stated its occasional occurrence in the skulls of Sandwich and Chatham Islanders. 



t It should be stated, however, that in the nine specimens measured by me in Part I. the mean cephalic index 

 was 72"7, therefore dolichocephalic. 



I Zool. Challenger Exp. Reports, part xxix. p. 127, 1884. 



