434 PRINCIPAL SIR WM. TURNER ON 



Davis and Flower have computed it as 5 ft. 3 to 4 in. If the stature be regarded 

 as equal to twice the oblique length of the femur + the condylo-astragalar length of 

 the tibia, with 26 mm. added as representing the thickness of the soft parts, the 

 stature of this Tasmanian may have been 1572 mm., about 5 ft. 1^ in. 



Anthropologists have given attention to the relations between the length of the 

 thigh and leg in the same person, and have expressed the same numerically by 



computing a tibio- femoral index as follows: — ? ~ -, — , the oblique length 



1 ° J femoral length 



of the femur and the condylo-astragalar length of the tibia being the diameters 



employed. In the Tasmanian skeleton the index in the right limb was 83 '1, that of 



the left 82 '5. Topinard and Barnard Davis's measurements of three men gave a 



mean index 85, whilst Garson's figure was 84*1. In Europeans the mean index 



obtained by Topinard in men was 80"4 in one series of skeletons, and 81*1 in another. 



In the series of male Australians in my Challenger Report the index was 82 '9. The 



index closely corresponded in the Tasmanians and Australians, in both of which the leg 



was longer in relation to the thigh than in Europeans, so that they are included in the 



group which I named dolichoknemic or long-legged. 



The relative lengths of the femur and humerus or femoro -humeral index can be 



determined by the formula — ^ ^ - . In the Tasmanian skeleton this index 



femoral length 



was 68*1 ; Garson gave 69*5 as the average in three males. In Europeans Broca 



obtained a mean 72'2 and Flower a mean 72*9. In my male Australians the mean 



was 71 '4. Both in Tasmanians and Australians the index was lower, and the femur 



was therefore longer in relation to the length of the humerus than in Europeans. 



I have also estimated the inter membral index by the formula employed by Broca, 



? — — rp; , the bones of the shafts of the right limbs being selected. In 



lemur + tibia 



this Tasmanian the index was 66*9, and Garson gave 68 as the mean in the specimens 



in the London museums. In Europeans Broca obtained a mean index 69 '7 and 



Flower 69 2. In my male Australians the mean was 68*7. The Tasmanians and 



Australians gave a smaller index than the Europeans, and the lower limb was 



proportionally longer in the former than in the latter. 



Foot. — The length of the skeleton of the foot from the heel to the tip of the great 

 toe was 205 mm. : the breadth at the distal tarsalia was 52 mm., and at the heads of 

 the metatarsals 63 mm. The special characters of the astragalus have been described 

 in a preceding paragraph. The sustentaculum tali of the calcaneum formed a process 

 22 mm. in antero-posterior diameter, which projected inwards so strongly that along 

 with the relatively large and projecting internal tuberosity of the bone the inner surface 

 of the os calcis became deeply concave. The groove on the under surface of the 

 sustentaculum for the flexor longus hallucis was broad and deep. 



The tubercle of the scaphoid for the tibialis posticus was 18 mm. in antero- 



