444 



PRINCIPAL SIR WM. TURNER ON 



without the intervention of a margo infranasalis ; the roots of the incisor teeth were 

 directed obliquely downwards and forwards ; the hard palate was frequently long and 

 relatively narrow, and the roof of the mouth had the elongated character which I have 

 named dolichuranic. The maxillary region contrasted therefore with the relatively 

 vertical, orthognathic incisive region, the distinct margo infranasalis and the horse- 

 shoe-shaped palate of Europeans. 



Post-orbital Region. — Klaatsch in his memoir * attached importance to the study of 

 tracings of the horizontal outline of the cranium across the glabella in front, the inion 

 behind, the ali-sphenoids and squamous- temporals laterally. He has reproduced a 

 number of these tracings of Australian skulls and has compared them with Tasmanians, 

 palaeolithic man t and Pithecanthropus. I have had similar tracings made of the 

 Tasmanian in the Brussels Museum, and of the skulls Nos. 5 and 7 in the University 

 Museum included in my Part I. Both in the Brussels specimen and in No. 7 a deep 

 post-orbital depression was seen, and I now reproduce (fig. 5, text) the tracing of the 

 Brussels skull. In No. 5 the depression was not so strongly marked ; but in each 

 skull it was associated with the concave surface of the ali-sphenoid described on 

 page 416. I have also for purposes of comparison had tracings made of two 

 characteristic Scottish skulls, and I reproduce the outline of one, with the tracing of 

 the Brussels skull superimposed (fig. 5). The following Table gives the most important 

 measurements : — 





Tasmanians. 



Scottish. 



Brussels. 



No. 5. 



No. 7. 



B. 19. 



B. 55. 



Glabello-inial diameter . . ... 



172 



180 



185 



184 



183 



Supra-orbital breadth ...... 



95 



93 



101 



94 



99 



Breadth at post-orbital depression .... 



80 



85 



84 



97 



100 



Index of post-orbital depression ..... 



8^2 



91-4 



83-1 



108-2 



101 



Breadth at lower temporal lines ..... 



101 



96 



107 



115 



113 



The temporal diameter between the curved lines was higher up than the post- orbital 

 depression. The supra-orbital breadth in the Tasmanians taken between the temporal 

 curved lines, some mm. above the external orbital processes, varied from 93 to 101 mm., 

 and the mean was 96. The breadth at the deepest part of the post-orbital depression 

 varied from 80 to 85 mm. Klaatsch from his measurements computed an index 



of the post-orbital depression by the formula 2 l — f: — . By employing this 



r l J supra-orb. breadth J r J .* 



formula I obtained an index which ranged from 83"1 to 9T4 in my three Tasmanians, 



with a mean 8 6 "2. In the series of eleven Australians measured by Klaatsch the index 



ranged from 74*3 to 86*6 and the mean was 80 # 3. He also measured the two Spy 



crania, the mean index of which was 83'8 and the index of Pithecanthropus was 82. 



* Op. cit. ; also in his earlier paper in Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologie, Heft 6, pp. 884-5-6, 1903. 



t Fraipont and Lohest (Recherches Ethnograph. sur des Osscments humains, Gand, 1887) figured the norma verticals 

 in the Spy and Neanderthal skulls in which the post-orbital depression is represented. 



