THE JURASSIC FLORA OF SUTHERLAND. 649 



that the more recent flora includes some species identical with Wealden plants. The 

 specimens collected by Marcus Gunn cannot be individually assigned to localities 

 within narrow limits. Many were obtained on the beach from loose blocks, while 

 others were found in situ. In all cases the specimens may safely be described as 

 coming from Kimeridgian strata between Navidale and the Loth river. The flora may 

 conveniently be spoken of as the " Culgower flora." In addition to the Gunn collection, 

 which first drew my attention to the Jurassic plants of Sutherland, I have included in 

 this account specimens collected by Mr Peach and now in the Geological Department 

 of the British Museum, some well-preserved and interesting plants collected by 

 Mr Arber at Gartymore and Culgower Bay and generously placed by him at my 

 service,* also the Hugh Miller collection t from Sutherland and Eathie Bay (Cromarty) 

 (see Map I.), which I have been able to examine through the kind offices of Dr Shand 

 of the Royal Scottish Museum. It is my intention to deal with some of the Eathie 

 specimens, the internal structure of which is partially preserved, in a separate paper. 

 I wish also to thank Dr Horne for allowing me to have sections cut from pieces of 

 coniferous wood from Helmsdale in the possession of the Scotch Geological Survey. 

 The work of Hugh Miller on the Jurassic flora of the north-east of Scotland calls for 

 special notice. The twelfth lecture of the series published by this extraordinarily 

 acute observer in his Testimony of the Rocks I includes an account, accompanied by 

 several carefully drawn illustrations, of Eathie and Sutherland plants. He points out 

 that in 1844 Professor Nicol of Aberdeen mentioned two fossil plants, Equisetites 

 columnaris from Brora and Pinites eiggensis from the western island of Eigg, as the 

 sole representatives of the Jurassic flora of Scotland. He goes on to say that his own 

 researches enable him to increase the list to rather more than fifty species. In speaking 

 of the numerous conifers obtained from the Sutherland rocks, Miller wrote : " It is 

 worthy of notice that they resemble in the group rather the conifers of the southern 

 than those of the northern hemisphere " ; he compares some of the specimens with twigs 

 of the Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria excelsa) and Araucaria Cunning hamii. He 

 recognised the great development of the Cycadaceee as a feature of the Oolite flora, 

 but his identification of several specimens as species of Zamia cannot be maintained. 

 Sagenopteris leaflets are referred to Glossopteris, a mistake which has been frequently 

 made by other authors. Among ferns he mentions Pecopteris ivhitbierisis, P. obtusifolia, 

 and P. insignis : the first name has often been applied to a fern now known as Todites 

 Williamsoni, a species which I believe to be represented in the Culgower flora ; the 

 second name is a synonym of Klukia exilis, a species which I have not been able to 

 recognise with certainty. Pecopteris insignis is a synonym of Cladophlebis denticulata, 

 which occurs in the Sutherland flora. With his characteristic acumen he recognises 

 the probability that a dicotyledon -like leaf is a fragment of a fern to which Lindley 



* Mr Arber's plants are in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. 



t In all probability some of Miller's plants from Sutherland were collected south of Helmsdale, though all are 

 labelled 'Helmsdale' ; they are from Kimeridgian beds. 

 \ Miller (57), pp. 468 et seq. 



