THE THEOBY OF CITY DESIGN. 93 



outlines of the scheme for this should therefore be fully considered 

 when the design is being developed, and not afterwards. 



The third requisite is that the total quantity of breathing space 

 provided in the design should be large, the vegetation made 

 abundant ; and when the building stage is reached, the necessary 

 sanitary provision enforced for every structure, overcrowding 

 being prohibited by requiring a sufficient number of cubic metres 

 of space to each inhabitant. 



And among the most important of the hygienic elements, I would 

 place that of ample provision for play or recreation grounds in 

 connection with every school, college, or other educational establish- 

 ment; i.e., a complete abandonment of the present niggardly notion 

 of what is a reasonable provision in this respect. That the recrea- 

 tion of a people should be under pleasant and healthy conditions 

 is always important, and never more so than in the case of the 

 young, so that the school-grounds of a beautiful city should in 

 themselves be a source of attraction, and exhilarant in their re- 

 action upon those who use them. 



Similarly hospitals and sanitoria should have bright surround- 

 ings and pleasant aspects, for the cheery and tonic effect of these 

 is by no means the least potent of the remedies available to those 

 charged with the care of our health. 



The suitable location of industrial occupations which are either 

 noxious or unpleasant, even in a minor degree, is a matter of 

 importance in enhancing the merits of a city, and in dealing with 

 those occupations as they arise, all provisions for diminishing their 

 mischief should be enforced. For example, since a smoky cannot 

 be a beautiful city, at any rate in the highest sense, all smoke in 

 factories ought to be consumed. Where industries are such that 

 they cannot be ameliorated, they can be excluded from the city 

 proper. Therefore provision for abattoirs, and similar establish- 

 ments are preferably omitted. These and similar malodorous 

 occupations, can be concentrated at some convenient but suffi- 

 ciently distant point, for though they may not directly create 



