GUMS, RESINS, AND OTHER VEGETABLE EXUDATIONS. 177 



Materia Medica, 1784, but in the second edition, 1768, it is 

 described as Gummi rubrum astringens, from Gambia. I have 

 long been of opinion that the name was derived from the Indian 

 Kuenee, or Kini, applied to a similar exudation from the bark of 

 Butea frondosa, of which the Sanscrit name is Kin-suka" (Dr. 

 Royle, in Pharm. Journ., V. 496.) 



Yet, after quoting the above statement, Dr. W. F. Daniel, 

 who, in describing the West African Kino-tree {Pterocarpus 

 erinaceus), says : — " A more reasonable probability, however, 

 exists that it was derived from the Mandingo Kano or Keno, under 

 which name it was first sold to the European traders by the natives, 

 and exported by them by this aboriginal expression, and subse- 

 quently retained as a means of distinction from the other kinds 

 of gum brought from the same localities." (Pharm. Journ. xiv. 60). 



I have not been able to find a passage which throws more light 

 upon the subject. The general opinion of the authors of 

 dictionaries, however, is that the word is of East Indian origin. 

 According to Bentley and Trimen (Medicinal plants), the term 

 Kino is only strictly applicable to juices inspissated without 

 artificial heat, and not extracts. The use of the term to Eucalyptus 

 exudations is now of long standing; Mr. Smith and I have a note 

 on the subject, this Journal, xxix., 409. 



The oldest reference to Eucalyptus Kino is as follows: — "Most 

 of the trees that we saw are dragon-trees as we supposed ; and 

 these too, are the largest trees of anywhere. They are about the 

 bigness of our large apple trees, and about the same height; and 

 the rind is blackish, and somewhat rough. The leaves are of a 

 dark colour; the gum distils out of the knobs or cracks that are 

 in the bodies of the trees. We compared it with some gum dragon, 

 or dragon's blood, that was aboard, and it was of the same colour 

 and taste." (Dampier's Voyage to N. W. Australia in 1687-8, 

 quoted in Major's "Early voyages to Terra Australis," Hakluyt 

 Soc, p. 101). Perhaps the following also refers to Eucalyptus in 

 spite of the "prickles and thorns." .... the place where 



L— Dec. 4. 1901. . 



