GUMS, RESINS, AND OTHER VEGETABLE EXUDATIONS. 179 



It appears singular at first sight that whereas all the kinos of 

 this group are practically entirely soluble in cold water, the 

 amounts capable of solution in alcohol vary much. I have found 

 by experiment that these variations are owing to the quantity of 

 kino-tannic acid taken up by the alcohol, and the only explan- 

 ation of this which appears satisfactory is that in some kinos the 

 bond which unites the tannic acid with the gum appears to be 

 looser than in others, in other words, is less entangled in the gum 

 particles, so that in some the alcohol is capable of dissolving out 

 more tannic acid than in others. 



Whether age is an element in the matter or not, I cannot yet 

 venture to say, as the specimens of the gummy group in my 

 possession are too few, and, since in this group cold water is but 

 of little aid in fixing the age of a kino, I am deprived even of this 

 assistance in coming to a conclusion in the matter. 



JEucalyiitus saligna, Smith, "New South Wales Blue Gum." 



Kino appears to be very scarce in this species, in fact settlers 

 will tell you it yields none. I have only collected it in little blisters 

 on old trees, and an old bushman "never knew it had any gum," 

 although he often cut it up for felloes. New South Wales and 

 Queensland. 



The Ironbark kinos all belong to the Gummy Group, and 

 Mr. Forester Allan writing to me says: — "I obtained the gum 

 from the Ironbark by boiling the bark and straining the liquor, 

 after which I reduced it to a thick consistency. Large quantities 

 can be obtained by this process at little cost." 



Part iii. Turbid Group. 

 Following are additional notes to those contained in my special 

 notes (57) on this group. 



Eucalyptus corymbosa, Sm., "Blood wood." 



Lauterer (33) examines this kino at length. Blood wood kino 

 was formerly used by the blacks for tanning skins of animals. 

 The modus operandi was to skin the animal, put in the kino and 



