38 THE PIGMIES. 



first to remove all doubt as to the reality of Sohweinfurth's dis- 

 covery. Some persons considered the individuals previously 

 measured by travellers as mere children and believed that Tebo 

 and Chairallah would grow taller. ( 1 ) The former of these two 

 suppositions could not stand before the accurate statements made by 

 Marno, on the observatinos of MM. Giglioli and Chaill^-Long 

 on three women, and those of M. Vossion on a man ; as for the 

 second hypothesis, it was refuted by one of the two Akkas himself, 

 who, as he grew older, never exceeded or even reached the maxi- 

 mum height recorded by Schweinfurth. ( 2 ) 



The Russian traveller measured six adults ; none of them, says 



the same time in Egypt. Their observations were published in the Bulletin 

 de VInstitut Eyyptien in 1873 and 1874. These little negroes were the cause of 

 the publication of many other papers, among- which I shall quote : Exam en de 

 deux Negres Pygmees de la tribu des Akkas ramenes par Miani dufleuve Ga- 

 bon, by M. Richard Owen ; Remaraues on the above paper, by MM. Broca, 

 Haiiy and de Quatrefages. ( Bulletin de la Societe d" Anthropologic, 1874, 

 p. 255.) ; — Sur les Akkas by M. Panizza (id, p. 463 ; Observations sur les Races 

 nains Africaines a propos des AMas, by A. de Quatrefages (id, p. 500) 

 and Comptes-rendus de V Academic des Sciences, 1874, p. 1518 ) ; — Les Akkas, 

 race Pygmee de VAfrique Centrale, by P. Broca (Revue d' Anthropologic, 1874, 

 p. 279 ) ; — I due Akka del Miani, by MM. P. Mantegazza and A. Zannetti, 

 (Archivio per V Anthropologia e la Etnologia, vol. Ill, 1874, p. 137) with an 

 Appendix ( p. 158) including three letters written at Cairo by MM. Owen, 

 P. Panceri, and E. Cornalia ;— Lettrcs sur les Akkas de Miani, by E. Cor- 

 nalia, with remarks by M. M. Giglioli and Zanneti Archivio , 1874, 



p. 428 ;— Gli Akka del Miani by Z Archivio , vol. IV, 1874, p. 249 ); 



— Altcriori Notizie entorno di Negriti ; Gli Akka viventi in Italia, by Pro- 

 fessor E. Hilliger Giglioli ( Archivio , vol, X, p. 404 ). 



(2) Panizza — loc. cit, p. 464. The Anthropological Society of Madrid seems 

 to have shared the doubts entertained by the Roman Doctor. 



(a) Some doubt has been entertained as to the purity of type of Miani's 

 Akkas. M. Hamy expresses, on this particular point, ( loc. cit, p. 97 ) a 

 reservation which is not perhaps entirely without ground with regard to 

 Chairallah. On the other hand, his cephalic index is rather low ( 77.52 ) ; 

 MM. Mantegazza and Z annetti, in their exhaustive work on these Akkas, 

 grounding their opinion on the supposed age of the two subjects and the 

 general laws of growth, had predicted that Tebo would stop below Chairal- 

 lah ( loc. cit, p. 144 ). The event has confirmed their prediction; Chairal- 

 lah, still growing, had reached lm42, whereas Tebo, who has ail the cha- 

 racteristics of an adult, and seems to have finished growing, has stopped at 

 linll (Giglioli, loc. cit, -p. 406 ). Moreover, the latter has a very high index 

 (80.23). Therefore, if any doubt can still be said to exist with regard to 

 Chairallah, who may perhaps have been affected by intermixture with a 

 full-blood xsegro element, such a supposition can however not apply to Tebo 

 himself. 



