116 MALAY LAND TENURE. 



" indiscriminately, this fund ceases, and the additional land thus 

 ". to be rented, instead of furnishing a fund for the payment of 

 " persons employed in the public service, will provide the source 

 " of Revenue from whence such persons will be paid, while the 

 " examination of the public disbursements will effectually pre- 

 " vent unauthorised employment of individuals on the public 

 "account." 



In Java, it would appear from the following extract,"* the 

 Dutch Gfovernment proceeds on the principle of requiring that 

 all labour which may be legally exacted should be paid for in 

 full :— 



" Forced Labour. — Besides the ordinary day labourers, the 

 ( landlord, whether Government or a private land-owner, is fur- 

 1 ther entitled to require the cottiers on his estate to work for 

 ( him as much as he pleases, but only on the condition of paying 

 ' each man the highest agricultural wages of the district. This 

 ' is the only real forced labour in Java, and the only point on 

 1 which the land-owner there has any but a strictly limited power 

 ' over the cottier peasantry on his estate. The labour rentf 

 ' extending all over the island causes no perceptible dissatisfac- 

 1 tion, but the forced labour beyond the one-tenth excites bitter 

 ' feelings if persisted in. Both the labour rent and the forced 

 f labour are applied, on private estates, to the cultivation of 



• those crops which the landowner is growing on the spare land 

 ' for his own profit, except so much of the labour as is required 

 i for the gardos, and for the maintenance of the roads near the 

 ' estate, both which the landlords have to keep up from the 

 'labour rent." 



" The cottier peasant is carefully guarded from extortion by 

 ' his landlord, but bound to pay his landlord's share of the pro- 

 ' duce of the land ; his subordinate rights in his holding are 

 ' protected, but kept subject to his landlord's paramount right 

 ' to the soil ; and he is practically freed from oppression, though 

 1 subject to have his labour utilized by his landlord. By these 



• means the cottier tenant's interests are secured, and be soon 

 ' becomes rich, from the large surplus produce of his holding 

 ' after paying his landlord's one-fifth. By the same provisions 



* Money's Java, II, 219. 



f The obligation of the peasant to give one day's gratuitous work in seven. 



