MALAY LAND TENURE. 141 



" the usufruct, or the rent, was one-fifth of the produce, and 

 " one-fifth of the peasant's labour, or one day's gratuituous 

 " labour in the Java week of five days. The Dutch, in re- 

 " verting to the old system, logically carried out this idea, 

 " holding that they had conquered the prince and not the 

 " people, and therefore came into the prince's rights. They 

 "however, reduced the labour rent from one-fifth to one- 

 " seventh, substituting one day in the European week of seven 

 " days, for one day in the Java week of .five days." 



" The different systems of land tenure in the island all 

 " derive from this idea." 



" Landlord Property. — "Where the Dutch are masters by 

 " treaty and not by conquest, the produce rent and the labour 

 " rent are paid, not to the Dutch but to the Native Princes, as 

 "in the Preanger and in Soerakarta and Djokjokarta. In the 

 " rest of the island, where the Dutch are masters by conquest, 

 "the one- fifth of produce and one- seventh of labour belong 

 " to the Dutch Government, except on private estates, where 

 " the Government has pro tanto granted away its rights. 

 " There the one fifth and one-seventh are paid by the peasant 

 " to the European or Chinese landowner, and the landowner 

 " pays to Government three-fourths of one per cent, per 

 " annum on the total value of his estate, equal at most to 

 " one-fifth of the net yearly income." 



a Peasant's Property. — The peasant's property under the 

 " Native system to which the Dutch reverted, is of three kinds. 



" 1st. Village lands belonging- jointly to the whole village 

 " community, to his share in which every householder has a 

 " right. These joint village lands are yearly partitioned and 

 " separately allotted to every head of family according to the 

 " size of his family, and according to their capacity to culti- 

 " vate the land so allotted." 



16 2nd. Lands formerly uncultivated, which belong exclu- 

 " sively to the peasant w r ho brings them into cultivation. For 

 " these he pays the one-fifth and one-seventh after five years, 

 " but is exempt from all payment for them, and from all 

 " gratuitous labour whatever, during the first five years." 



" 3rd. Lands which have descended from the first cultivator 

 " to his representatives. 



