12 LANGUAGES OF SOUTHERN INDO-CHINA. 



Cham. Cancho. Bode. Cherai. Selung. 



Nose: a dung. \chnu~]. dung. dung. -:'' 



-' L J ■' •' (f/ong. 



Malay and Achinese have kidung. Cham uses both 

 adung and idung. Compare the Tidung (Borneo) adung, 

 Dusun of Kimanis adung. Javanese and most of the 

 Bornean dialects replace this d by r; the Philippine 

 languages (and in this word Madurese also) have -l- 

 here ; Batak has -g-. The importance of this particular 

 set of consonantal correspondences was also first pointed 

 out by the late Dr. H. N. van der Tuuk. They consti- 

 tute his second rule : — " When the Malay and Balinese 

 d of equivalent words is represented by I in Bisaya or 

 Tagal, both the Javanese and Kawi have r." Chnu is 

 probably Cambojan. 



Fire : apvei. ) (appoi. 



apvei. > apui. put. puoi. - apoi. 



apui. \ (apoee. 



Malay api, but Achinese and several Dayak dialects, etc., 



have apui. 



Water : id, ) . \awen. 



ea. ea. ia. 



ear. ) (awaen. 



Malay ayer, Achinese iyer, Madurese aeng, etc. 

 Stone : batdu. pet on. bato. potou. batoe. 



Malay batu, the Achinese equivalent is written in the 

 same way but pronounced batee. 



The few words here given suffice to show that these 

 dialects have peculiar points of relationship with several widely 

 separated Malayan groups of languages and could not have 

 been derived from any one of them. Their affinities appear to 

 be most marked with Achinese, as is shown especially by the 

 fact that in common with that language (and quite the opposite 

 to Malay), they tend to throw the accent on the last syllable, 

 which is consequently often strengthened to a diphthong, at the 

 expense of the first, which is weakened and sometimes entirely 

 suppressed: Compare pl>/h, "ten" with the Achinese peluh and 

 contrast the Malay puloh : similarly compare the forms, in 



Jour. Straits Branch, 



