236 EXPLORATION OF THE CAYES OF BORNEO. 



part of the forehead and the orbits complete. This fragment is 

 remarkable for the great comparative width across the malar 

 regi >n, which amounts to about 5 inches, whilst the vertical length 

 of the face from the fronto-nasal suture to the alveolar border is 

 scarcely 2i inches. The orbits have a transverse diameter of 

 1".5, and a vertical of 1".25, giving an orbital index of .83. The 

 nose measures l".8xl".l, affording a nasal index of .61. The 

 frontal overhangs the nasals very much, and the frontal sinuses 

 are well developed, but the orbital border is not thickened. The 

 alveolar arch is almost perfectly semicircular and very w r ide. The 

 bone is further remarkable for the great apparent depth of the 

 sphenoidal part of the temporal fossa, owing to the sudden bulging 

 of the squamosal. The specimen on the whole presents an 

 exaggerated Malay aspect. 



2. Another and the most considerable of the cranial specimens 

 consists of the greater portion of a calvaria. The entire face is 

 wanting below the frontal border of the orbits ; as is also nearly 

 the whole of the right side of the skull. The calvaria is well 

 formed and evenly arched ; the forehead upright and rounded. In 

 the vertical view (norma verticalis) the outline forms a regular 

 broad oval. The sutures are all open and for the most part deeply 

 serrated. The chief points to be noticed besides the above are : (a) 

 the enormous size of the mastoid process, in a skull otherwise it 

 may be said of delicate conformation ; and (b) the extraordinary 

 condition of the foramen magnum, the border of which is so much 

 thickened and elevated, as at first sight to convey the impression 

 that the atlas was anchylosed to the occipital. 



The bone in the surrounding part of the face is extremely 

 thin and apparently atrophied, but there is otherwise no sign of 

 disease. 



Prom its imperfect condition this calvaria affords no distinc- 

 tive characteristics, but in one respect it agrees with the facial 

 specimen above described, viz., in the remarkable bulging of the 

 anterior part of the squamosal wdiere it joins the alar sphenoid. 



The longitudinal diameter of this calvaria is 7" — its width 

 5.25, and height 5.7, the circumference being 20 inches. 



The other bones of the skeleton are represented by a clavicle 

 of small size and delicate make, probably that of a female. 



