20 HISTORY OF SANTUBONG, SARAWAK. 
to satisfactorily explain the truly island nature of the 
fauna. 
Perhaps during the period when the separation from the 
mainland took place, the animal life of the neighbourhood 
undertook a migration or was destroyed. 
The only fossil remains recorded from the island is a molar 
tooth of adeer. The tooth is much larger than that of any 
specimen we have seen of the Bornean Cervus equinus. A very 
similar specimen along with a big bone of the same animal was 
found by Mr. R. Pawle in a cave at Bau. 
The insect life of Santubong is not well known but it 
appears to be very like that of Matang. The mountain butter- 
flies from these two localities are almost identical but it is not 
surprising to find that out of a total of more than a hundred 
species inhabiting this region, there are one or two whose 
distribution is strictly local. As with all mountain Rhopalocera 
in Sarawak, there is a preponderance of Lycaenidae (Blues) 
amongst which the genera Cyanris and Nacaduba are well 
represented. The sandy plain stretching from the seashore is 
a favourite locality for a variety of the familiar Malayan Hestra 
whose gauzy white wings blotched with black, look too 
large and too fragile to allow of more than its customary 
fluttering flight: here too is to be found quite commonly 
a fine yellow Troides- (I. Amphrysus flavicollis Druce), 
whilst on the top of the mountain one can rarely see a 
sohtary specimen of the magnificent green creature known 
as the Brookcana butterfly (Troides brookeanus). The beetle 
fauna is very extensive and so far as we know it, is 
very like that of Matang. One species worthy of mention is a 
brown elater (Hemiops crassa) nearly an inchlong. This 
beetle is found on the summit of Santubong, Matang, Lingga, 
and several other mountains in Sarawak, in some localities, 
Matang for instance, being very common. The same creature 
we are told exists on the mountain tops of the Peninsula. 
We have never seen a specimen of this from the low- 
lands. Of some special interest is a cockroach taken on 
Santubong. It is peculiar in being really handsome, and 
being unlike cockroaches found elsewl ere it was given the 
Jour. Straits Branch 
