18S THE SCiITAMINEZX OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 
tuft, anl thus belong to the section Mesantha of Horaninow. One 
species of the section Hxantha with the spike outside the tuft (C. 
Zedoaria) is commonly to be met with round villages, where it 
is cultivated. The flower spikes are borne on stout stalks and 
are shorter than the leaves. ‘They have large and broad mem- 
branous bracts closely set, in the axils of which are two or more 
thin textured fugacious flowers, which project usually but 
little beyond the bract, The flowers open, one or two at a time 
upon the spike. The calyx is very short cylindrical and toothed. 
The corolla tube is usually slender enlarged upwards, the petals 
oblong or ovate oblong, the staminodes very similar and connate 
with the stamen. ‘The lip broad rounded entire or more or less 
lobed. The anther, usually large, has in some species a small 
round crest, in others there is none. In many species it is spurred 
with curved processes, the use of which has been explained and 
illustrated by Forbes. (Wanderings of a Naturalist, p. 248) 
where he shows that they act as levers to rotate the anther upon 
the back of a bee when entering the flower in search of honey 
so as to deposit the pollen on its back. In these species the an- 
ther is moveable upon its filament, but in the other species there 
is nothing of this arrangement and the anther is not moveable. 
The fruit which is very rarely produced is a globoge capsule with 
numerous seeds. 
Several species are cultivated by the Malays, but except 
C. longa L. the turmeric, and C. Zedoaria, the Zedoary, only 
in small quantities, and as several kinds known by Malay names 
never seem to produce flowers, it is impossible at present to iden- 
tify them. Of these Temu hitam, rather a small kind, has the 
rhizome light blue inside, and a taste of Turkey rhubarb, but 
somewhat bitter and slightly hot. The leaves are rather flaccid 
dark green and elalrous. 
Temu lati, or Temu badoh, is a very much larger kind with 
deep green leaves the blade over two feet long and five inches | 
wide with an obscure brownish mark in the upper part of the 
midrib, and the petiole winged, six inches long and half an inch 
through. The rhizome is very light blue inside and has a musky 
taste. 
Temu paul has a yellow rhizome with a smell and taste of 
wild carrots. 
