From the other British species of Cystoseira, except from 

 C. barbata, which has probably no claim to be admitted as 

 British, C. granulata may be readily known by the knob -like 

 bases of its branches, a character at all times obvious. Like its 

 congeners it is exceedingly bushy, forming a submarine shrub, 

 and I have been forced, in making such a figure as would detail 

 its botanical characters, to represent a specimen with most of its 

 branches cut off. Had I attempted more, it would only have 

 produced a confused mass of twigs. 



C. granulata is of frequent occurrence on the shores of England 

 and of Ireland, but appears to be rare in Scotland. It generally 

 grows in a very scattered manner, but is sometimes gregarious. 

 Like others of the genus its stems afford a grateful resting place 

 to a host of marine animals, sponges, &c, and are often com- 

 pletely clothed with a thick incrustation of animal life. However 

 annoying this may be to the collector of specimens, who can 

 rarely, if ever, find a clean-stemmed Cystoseira, it must be 

 admitted that these parasites add much to the picturesque beauty 

 of a Cystoseira grove, their brilliant colours and starry forms 

 looking like clusters of flowers peeping out from the branches. 

 When seen, under a favourable light, in a clear tide-basin, the 

 effect is highly beautiful. 



The genus Cystoseira, in its most restricted sense, even after 

 the removal of the extensive group now forming Blossevittea, Dne., 

 still contains a considerable number of species, natives, for the 

 most part, of the warmer regions of the temperate zones. Many 

 are found in the Mediterranean ; indeed, the greater part of the 

 Fucece found in that sea belong to this genus. They are inter- 

 mediate, as well in geographical position as in distinctive cha- 

 racter, between the tropical Saryassa, which they resemble in 

 the structure of their fruit, and in habit ; and the Fuci of colder 

 waters, with which they agree in the position of the fruit and 

 vesicles. Through Blossevillea there is a direct passage into 

 Saryassum ; the connection with Fucus is more remote, and runs 

 through some minor genera, natives of the Southern Ocean. 



Fig. 1. Cystoseira granulata: — natural size. 2. Section of a receptacle: 

 — magnified. 3. Spore: — highly magnified. 



