Ser. RHoposPERMES. Fam. Spongiocarpee. 
Puate CVIII. 
GYMNOGONGRUS GRIFFITHSLA, Wart. 
Gen. Cuar. Frond cylindrical, filiform, horny, much branched; its sub- 
stance composed of densely packed filaments, of which the innermost 
are longitudinal, the middle curving outwards, and the external stra- 
tum (or periphery) horizontal and moniliform. /ructification ; naked 
warts entirely composed of strings of cruciate tetraspores. GyYMNo- 
eonerus (Mart.)—from yepvos, naked, and yoyypos, a word applied by 
Theophrastus to a disease resembling a swelling, to which trees are 
subject ; the allusion is to the appearance of the fruit in these Alge. 
Gymnoconerts Griffithsie ; frond filiform, flexuous, cartilaginous, stipitate, 
many times dichotomous, the apices fastigiate, forked; warts of fruc- 
tification oblong, at length surrounding the stem. 
Gymnoconervs Griffithsie, Mart. Fl. Braz. vol.i. p.27. Mont. Fl. Algier. 
p- 119. 
Tytocarpus Griffithsie, Kitz. Phyc. Gen. p. 411. 
TyLocarpus tentaculatus (?) Kzitz. l.c. t. 70. f. 2. 
Cuonprts Griffithsie, J. 4g. Alg. Medit. p.95. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 39. 
GicaRTINA Griffithsie. Lamour. Ess. p. 49. Lynbg. Hyd. Dan. p. 43. t. 11. 
Grev, Alg. Brit. p.149. Hook. Br. Fl. vol.ii. p. 301. Harv. in Mack. 
Fl. Hib. part 3. p. 201. Harv. Man. p. 716. Wyatt, Alg. Danm. no. 28. 
Mont. Fl. Canar. p. 160. 
Potyives Griffithsie, Gaill. Dict. Sc. Nat. vol. 53. p. 365. 
Spumrococcts Griffithsie, dy. Sp. Alg. vol.i. p. 316. Ag. Syst. p. 235. 
Spreng. Syst. Veg. vol. iv. p. 339. 
Fucus Griffithsie, Zurn. Hist. t.37. H. Bot. t. 1926. 
Has. On submarine rocks, near low-water mark. Perennial. Autumn 
and Winter. Sidmouth and Torquay, Mrs. Griffiths. Exmouth, 
Miss Filmore. Bantry Bay, Miss Hutchins. Balbriggan, Dr. Scott. 
Mounts Bay, Mr. Ra/fs. Odin’s Bay, Stronsa, Mneut. F. W. L. 
Thomas, and Dr. Me Bain. Malahide, Mr. Me Calla. 
Grocr. Distr. Coasts of Europe, from Norway to Spain, Mediterranean Sea. 
Canary Islands. Boston, North America, Mr. Emerson. 
Descr. Root a disc-like expansion, spreading on the surface of the rock. Fronds 
densely tufted, one to three inches high, rather thicker than hog’s bristle, 
simple at base, for a short distance, then forked and afterwards closely and 
repeatedly dichotomous, or trichotomous, with more or less regularity. 
Sometimes the upper branches which have received an injury, produce 
dense bunches of branchlets without order, but these in their divisions 
soon assume the forked character of the species. Branches flexuous, erecto- 
patent, with rounded axils, and more or less strictly fastigiate apices ; every 
yi we 
