Ser. RHoposPERME. Fam. Spongiocarpee. 
Prats CCLXXXVIIL. 
GYMNOGONGRUS PLICATUS, 4. 
Grn. Cuar. Frond cylindrical or compressed, horny, much branched, its 
substance composed of densely packed filaments, of which the inner- 
most are longitudinal, the middle curving outwards, and the external 
stratum (or periphery) horizontal and moniliform. ructification, 
naked warts entirely composed of bead-like strings of cruciate tetra- 
spores. Gymnoconerus (Mart.),—from youros, naked, and yoyypos, a 
word applied by Theophrastus to wart-like excrescences on trees. 
Gymnoconervs plicatus; frond horny, cylindrical, filiform, very irregu- 
larly branched, entangled, wiry; branches sub-dichotomous; axils 
obtuse ; ramuli often secund ; fructification, oblong warts composed 
of obscurely-jointed filaments. 
Gymnoconervs plicatus, Kitz. Sp. dig. p. 789. Harv. Man. ed. 2. p. 145. 
Gicartina plicata, Lamour. Ess. p.48. Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p.42.  Grev. Aig. 
Brit. p, 150. Hook. Br. Fl. vol. ii. p. 301. Wyatt, dig. Danm. No. 116. 
Harv. in Mack. Fl. Hib. part ti. p. 201. Harv. Man. p. 76. 
SpH#Rococcvs plicatus, 4g. Sp. Alg. vol.i. p. 313. Syst. p. 234. 
TyLocarpus plicatus, Ky. Phyc. Gen. p. 411. 
Fucus plicatus, Huds. Fl. Ang. vol. ii. p. 589. Stack. Ner. Brit. p. 23. t. 7. 
Turn. Syn. Fuc. p. 323. Hist.t. 180. . Bot.t.1089. Fl. Dan. t. 408. 
ScytosiPHon hippuroides, Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 63. t. 14. 
Has. On rocks and stones within tide-marks, and at a greater depth. 
Perennial. Common. 
Grocer. Distr. Atlantic shores of Europe and America. New Holland, 
Mr. Brown. Southern Ocean, at Kerguelen’s Land, Dr. Hooker. 
Descr. Fronds densely tufted, and often much entangled together, from six to 
ten inches long or more, filiform, of equal diameter throughout, as thick as 
hogs’ bristles, or somewhat thicker, shrinking in drying, very rigid, wiry, 
and tenacious, much branched. Branches flexuous, very wregular in 
position and division; sometimes scattered, and sometimes densely aggre- 
gated ; often secund, rarely opposite, frequently dichotomous ; of various 
lengths, so that the tufts are never fastigiate. The axils of the forkings 
are distinctly rounded, and the apices of the branches are all blunt. 
Fructification, wart-like excrescences of irregular form, scattered variously 
over the branches. I have not seen any ¢etraspores in the specimens 
examined. The whole substance of the wart consists of very slender, 
densely packed filaments. Colour, a dark lurid purple, fading to greenish, 
and even to yellow and white. The surface is singularly smooth and glossy. 
In drying, this plant does not adhere to paper. 
