34 CIRCULAR 16 8, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



puncture the ripening fruit and suck the juices, the puncture holes 

 then serving as points of entrance for putrefying organisms. 



Seudyra (Zallisa) subflava (US) is found in Honshu and Kyushu 

 in Japan, and also in Chosen, Manchuria, China, and Siberia. Two 

 generations are produced each year in the Gifu section of Honshu, 

 the adults of the first brood appearing in early spring and those of 

 the second in July. This species is particularly injurious to the 

 young foliage in Manchuria. 



According to Sasaki (164) the pterophorid Stenoptilia litis, which 

 he described, is restricted in distribution to the Ka^awa district in 



the island of Honshu and is primarily a pest of grape. Only one 



the winter is passed in the pi 

 in the soil. The injury produced is due to the feeding of the larvae 



brood occurs each } T ear, and the winter is passed in the pupal stage 



upon the flesh of the fruit. For control, the collection of egg masses 

 during the spring and of the larvae later in the season is recom- 

 mended. Later Takahashi (184) recorded the species as being most 

 common in Kyushu, and as having two generations each year rather 

 than one. The first generation of larvae feed upon the flower buds 

 and opened blossoms, and the second in the fruit itself. The adults 

 of the first brood appear in May and those of the second in August 

 and September. 



The aegeriid moth Parathrene (Sciopteron) regalis (96) is par- 

 ticularly common in Honshu, and its injury to grape is due to the 

 boring of the larvae in the trunk. Where the insects are abundant 

 the injury produced is extensive. A single generation is produced 

 each year, the adults appearing in May. 



Two cerambycid borers are known to attack grapevines, the most 

 important being Xylotrechus pyiTlioderus which occurs most com- 

 monly in northern Honshu. The life history of this species has re- 

 cently been studied by Matsumoto and Watanabe (91), who record 

 one generation per year, the winter being passed in the larval stage 

 in the burrows in the twigs. During the spring the larvae feed upon 

 the wood immediately beneath the bark, gradually working around 

 the twig and finally girdling it. As a consequence the branch bej^ond 

 the feeding point withers and dies, and further feeding takes place 

 upon the dead tissue. The adults appear in August and September 

 and live about one week, during which time the eggs are laid in the 

 bark or between the buds and the leaf petiole. The duration of the 

 egg stage is about five days, and penetration by the newly hatched 

 larva is effected through the buds. Xo excrement is thrown out of 

 the burrow by the larva, and because of this fact it is difficult to 

 detect the presence of the pest until the death of the twig takes place. 

 Infested nodes may at times be recognized by a blackening of the 

 node at the point of entrance. Control measures recommended are 

 the removal of infested shoots and the cutting out of such larvae as 

 can be located. 



The second of the cerambycids mentioned is Phy mat odes albofas- 

 ciatus (Callidium aXbicinctum Bat.) (95), which attacks cherry as 

 well as grape. There is a single brood each year, and the winter is 

 passed in the pupal stage in the stem of the host plant. The adults 

 emerge in late May and early June, and the females oviposit upon 

 the bark of the stem. The young larvae feed externally for some 

 time upon the bark itself and later penetrate into the woody tissues, 



