INSECTS INJURIOUS TO AGRICULTURE IN JAPAN 39 



takes place between leaves or in crevices in the trunk and larger 

 branches. 



The three limacodids mentioned are merely incidental pests and 

 never become sufficiently abundant to require the employment of 

 control measures. 



The psychid moth Clchvia variegata {133) is met with in prac- 

 tically all of the citrus groves in Taiwan. The species is readily 

 recognizable by the distinctive bag within which it is inclosed. The 

 syntomid Amata perlxanthia, which is found also upon guava, is 

 likewise a minor citrus pest in the island. 



The gelechiid Olegoresis eitrella, the larva of which is a foliage 

 feeder, is common throughout Taiwan. The larvae bind several 

 leaves together with a light web and feed upon the older leaves. 

 Pupation takes place within the web, and the adults emerge in March 

 and April. 



The minute lepidopterous leaf miner Phyllocnistis citrella, of 

 which Lithocolletis citricola (107, ISO) of Taiwan is a synonym, is 

 of general distribution throughout the Far East, being particularly 

 injurious to nursery trees. This insect has heretofore been errone- 

 ously recorded as P. saligna Zell. (11, 53, 54.) A manuscript has 

 been prepared by the writer in which is given a more extended ac- 

 count of the habits of this species. 



Two geometrid moths, Hyposidra talaca and Luxiarriw contigaria, 

 are found upon citrus in Taiwan. The first is the most common, but 

 neither is sufficiently abundant to cause appreciable injury. ' 



Two species and one variety of Papilionidae are added to the 

 author's previous list (11) as being of common occurrence, these 

 being Paipilio demolus (P. erithonius Cram.), P. protenor, and its 

 variety demetrius. P. xuthus, however, which was formerly recorded 

 as P. xanthus, is much the most important member of the family 

 in Japan and is general in distribution from Japan to India, whereas 

 P. demolus is the most common species in Taiwan. 



One or more species of the above family is invariably present in 

 the groves; yet they seldom become sufficiently abundant to injure 

 the trees, though the variety demetrius is said by Okamoto (150) 

 to be the most important citrus pest on the island of Quelpart. A 

 number of other species are listed from Taiwan (133) but are less 

 common than those mentioned. 



Among the Coleoptera attacking citrus in Taiwan may be men- 

 tioned Agrilus citri (133, 169), which is found only in the vicinity 

 of Hozan and chiefly attacks such trees as are already in a rather 

 weakened condition through the influence of other agencies. One 

 generation is produced each year, the adults appearing during June. 

 The eggs are deposited under the bark of the weakened areas, and 

 the larvae in feeding make irregular burrows beneath it and later 

 pupate in a cell near the surface. 



The cerambycid Cordylomera zamheziana (169) is recorded from 

 Taiwan and East Africa. The larvae burrow longitudinally through 

 the larger branches and trunk and at times cause considerable injury 

 in the orchards. It is presumed that two generations are produced 

 each year, as the adults are found in March and in September. 

 Trees which lack an adequate supply of moisture and also those 

 suffering from heavy infestations of the various scale insects seem 

 to be the ones most frequently attacked. 



