28 CIRCULAR 16 8, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE 



while the larvae are present on the foliage from June to September. 

 Langia zeuzeroides var. nawae (114) occurs in Honshu and Kyushu, 

 and its life C} r cle is similar to that of the preceding species, though 

 the adults emerge somewhat earlier in the season and the larvae per- 

 sist for a longer period. 



The saturniid Dictyoploca (Caligula) japonica (198) feeds upon 

 various species of Prunus and upon chestnut and camphor as well. 

 There is but one brood each year, and the winter is passed in the egg 

 stage on the branches and trunk of the trees. The larvae greatly 

 resemble the excreta of birds. The duration of the larval and pupal 

 stages is from 70 to 80 days each, the adults appearing early in 

 October. 



Two species of leaf miners occur in Japan upon peach and other 

 members of the same genus. These are species of Lyonetia and 

 Ornix. The first is discussed by Harukawa and Yagi (29) and is 

 stated to be the cause of considerable injury in central and southern 

 Japan. It is recorded also in Okinawa. It was listed as L. clerck- 

 ella by Kuwana and Takachiho (72) in 1911, at which time its life 

 history and habits were studied in some detail in Tokyo. The 

 species was first reported as a pest of peach by Doctor Sasaki in 

 1903. The first-mentioned authors consider the Japanese form to 

 be distinct, and base this conclusion in part on the fact that seven 

 generations are produced each year in Japan, whereas the European 

 form has only two, both in England and on the continent. No de- 

 scription of the species, however, has as yet been published. The 

 adults are nocturnal in habit and oviposit during the night in in- 

 cisions made in the tissue of the leaf. Each female deposits more 

 than 100 eggs. The larva is said to molt only twice, and when ma- 

 ture it leaves its mine and spins a cocoon on the underside of the 

 leaf. The egg, larval, and pupal stages cover from 2 to 8, 7 to 16, 

 and 3 to 9 days, respectively, depending upon the season. The 

 adults which emerge in the fall are of a darker color than those 

 found in the spring. The winter is passed in the adult stage in 

 crevices in the trunk and branches, in rubbish, and in other sheltered 

 places. 



The same authors (28) have given an account of the life history 

 and habits of a species of Ornix which is known as a minor pest of 

 peach, plum, and cherry in the Tokyo and Okayama sections, and 

 which is also recorded upon flowering cherry, apple, and apricot. 

 There are four complete generations and a partial fifth each year 

 in southwestern Honshu. The adults are nocturnal, and the eggs 

 are laid singly upon the undersides of the leaves, usually close to 

 the midrib, at dusk or during the night. Upon hatching, the young 

 larvae immediately enter the leaf tissue and feed there until mature. 

 They usually form the pupal chamber by folding over the edge of 

 the leaf and binding it with silk, though the cocoons are often found 

 in curled strips of bark. The egg, larval, and pupal stages cover 

 from 3 to 14, 14 to 40, and 7 to 10 days, respectively, dependent upon 

 the season. The last generation overwinters in the pupal stage in a 

 cocoon in fallen foliage upon the ground. Control measures con- 

 sist of the destruction of this fallen foliage and rubbish under the 

 trees during the late fall and winter and the scraping of the bark 

 and larger branches at the same time to remove such cocoons as may 

 have been formed there. 



