26 CIRCULAR 16 8. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



is passed in the pupal stage in the gall. This species is not an im- 

 portant pest, but it occasionally becomes abundant, and in such case 

 mar be controlled by the priming away of all twigs bearing galls, 

 these being easily recognizable during the fall and winter. 



SAP FEEDERS 



The tingitid bug Stephanitis aniblgua (S. pyrioides Scott) (95) 

 is found upon pear throughout the islands of Japan and at times 

 causes serious damage, even the killing of the trees, particularly 

 nursery stock. There are three broods a year, the first brood of 

 nymphs appearing in July, the second in September, and the third 

 in October. These nymphs gather in large numbers on the under- 

 side of the foliage, often causing such an extensive withdrawal of 

 sap as to prevent the proper ripening of the fruit. The winter is 

 passed in the egg stage. 



The leaf hopper Ghlorita flavescens (73)\ which is of general dis- 

 tribution throughout all the oriental regions, is a common pest of 

 apple and pear in northern Japan. In Hokkaido there is one and 

 possibly two broods a year, the insect hibernating in the egg stage. 

 The eggs hatch early in June, and maturity is reached about the 

 end of that month. The adults and nymphs assemble on the under- 

 sides of the foliage and where abundant may cause some damage. 

 The control measure suggested is spraying with naphtha emulsion 

 during the early {Dart of June, at which time the hoppers are in the 

 early nymphal stages. 



The more or less cosmopolitan woolly apple aphis, Eriosoma lani- 

 gerum (73). is at times a serious pest of apple throughout Japan and 

 in southern Chosen. The winter is passed in the nymphal stages 

 in crevices in the bark of the trunk and branches and on the roots. 

 though this latter place is not often used in Japan. Of the various 

 grafting stocks used. Pyrus prurdfolia is the most valuable as it is 

 immune from attack. In Chosen there are 10 or more broods a year. 

 In a recent extended account of this species in northern Japan. Mon- 

 zen (101) records two wingless viviparous generations per month, 

 with a total of 10 during the season. Sexual reproduction apparently 

 takes place upon the elm (Uh/ius campestris) . The method of control 

 generally practiced is the removal of roughened portions of the bark, 

 the scraping out of cracks and crevices during the winter to destroy 

 the hibernating nymphs, and the painting of the infested portions in 

 the spring with fish oil-lye emulsion, rapeseed oil-sulphur emulsion, 

 or tar emulsion, or concentrated lime-sulphur. Banding the trunk 

 with a sticky material is also practiced, as is spraying with nicotine- 

 sulphate solution, lime-sulphur, and kerosene emulsion. 



Nippolachnus piri is one of the most important of the aphids 

 infesting pear in Japan. Its winter host is Eriobqtrya japonica. 

 Other species of aphids are the mealy plum aphid. Hyalopterus 

 arundinis (pruni) Fab., the well-known green-apple aphid. Aphis 

 pond, and Anwraphis pyri. 



A new genus and species of phyllcxerine. Cinacium ial-.suien.se. has 

 recently been recorded by Kishida (u8) upon pear in Xara Prefec- 

 ture in' Honshu, of which he has described the wingless form. It is 

 not sufficiently abundant to produce appreciable injury. This species 

 is said by some Japanese entomologists to be identical with Phyl- 

 loxera piri Mokr. 



