22 CIRCULAR 16 8, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



Diacrisia (S 'pilar ctia) in f emails (73) is at times quite abundant 

 in Hokkaido upon apple, mulberry, and various other fruits as well 

 as upon deciduous forest trees. There is one brood a year, and the 

 adults are found from the middle of July onwards. The eggs are 

 laid in masses of several hundred each upon the undersides of 

 the leaves and bear a felted covering. These eggs hatch about the 

 first of August, and the larvae feed upon the foliage until the end 

 of September. They are at first gregarious but later solitary. The 

 winter is passed in the third larval stage in dirt and rubbish under 

 the tree, the larvae emerging in the spring and feeding upon the 

 newly developed foliage. Pupation occurs about the middle of 

 June, the cocoon consisting of a thin layer of silk over a leaf. 

 Control measures employed are the destruction of egg masses and 

 colonies of young larvae, spraving against the latter with stomach 

 poisons, and the collection of aclults at lantern traps. 



The sphingid /Sphinx planus (114) is found on all of the main 

 islands of Japan upon pear and species of Prunus as well as upon 

 several ornamental plants. There is a single generation each year, 

 the adults being present from June to August and the larvae until 

 September, at which time they enter the soil for pupation. 



The notodontid Phalera flavescens (96) is common and at times 

 injurious upon pear, plum, and cherry, particularly in Hokkaido, 

 and it occurs also in Chosen and China. There is a single brood 

 each year, the winter being passed in the pupal stage in the soil. 

 The adult moths appear in July and August, and the eggs are 

 deposited in clusters on the undersides of the leaves. 



The pierid butterfly Aporia crataegi var. adherbal (73, 149) is of 

 wide distribution, extending from Hokkaido to Chosen, and Siberia, 

 and to Europe, Asia Minor, and northern Africa. In Hokkaido 

 it is known to attack apple, pear, plum, and mountain cherry, par- 

 ticularly apple. There is a single brood annually, and the adults 

 appear in late June and early July. The eggs, which are laid in 

 plate-shaped masses of from 100 to 300 on the undersides of the 

 leaves, hatch in three weeks. The larvae attain the third stage by 

 fall and hibernate among the dead leaves. They emerge in the 

 spring and feed upon the newly developed foliage, transforming 

 to the pupal stage early in June, when a number of pupae are usually 

 massed together under a light web. Control measures advised are 

 the collection of adults by net, of pupae from the twigs in June, and 

 the destruction of rubbish under the trees during the winter. 



Thecla lo-album (95) has one brood each year upon apple, and the 

 winter is passed in the pupal stage in the soil or under rubbish. The 

 eggs are laid upon the foliage. 



The chrysomelid beetle Agelastica coerulea (73) causes some injury 

 to apple trees in Hokkaido during late July and early August. Two 

 generations are produced each year, and the winter is passed in the 

 adult stage in sheltered places. The adults appear in the spring and 

 feed upon the young foliage. The lemon-colored eggs are laid en 

 masse upon the leaves. The larval stage covers about one month, and 

 pupation occurs in a cell in the soil. For control the adults are col- 

 lected each morning by beating the tree. Spraying shortly after the 

 eggs hatch is effective against the larvae, 



